】2014名师整理“强力推荐”高考专题复习而不露”的推理判断题.pptVIP

第五讲　“藏而不露”的推理判断题 推理判断题是阅读理解题中难度较大的一类题，它包括判断和推理的过程。解答推理判断题要以文字信息为依据，既不能作出在原文中找不到依据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息进行多步推理。考生解题时通常需要透过文字的表层意思，在全文的背景下理解文章的深层含义。 (2013·湖北卷) A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse. The paper，published this March in Psychology and Aging，examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96.The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003. Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10，among other questions. The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction，while middle-aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.Adults of 65 and older，however，were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction. Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would，the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period. “We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade，” wrote Frieder R．Lang，a professor at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg. Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future. “Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施)，” the authors wrote. Surprisingly，compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes，respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.Also，the researchers said that higher income was related to a gre