为什么需求曲线是线性.pptVIP

Why is Demand Curve a straight line?(为什么需求曲线是直线) The actual Demand Curve is understandably not a straight line. If we link all the points on the coordinate axes, you will see a very irregular shape, as what I draw on the blackboard. However, since we know the general trend of this curve is going downwards, we can straighten it. In other words, we assume it to be a straight line (well, we do have to make lots of assumptions in Economics) and it will be easy to decide the Demand Function so is the same to Supply Curve. 现实生活中需求受价格影响的复杂性和不规律性，决定了按照真实情况绘制的需求曲线，是不可能恰好成为一条直线的。如果我们把坐标轴上的所有需求价格对应点连接起来，你将看到一个很不规则甚至奇怪的图形。但是，我们知道需求曲线的整体趋势是下降的，所以我们把本来非直线的需求曲线“直线化”，话句话说，为了方便研究，我们假设需求和价格是线性相关的 （经济学本身就是一门建立在众多假设上的科学），这就意味着对应的需求函数是一次的，同样的道理，我们对供给曲线也进行这样的处理。 What comes together with Demand Curve? (补充和需求曲线相关的两个概念) In most Economics textbooks, the drawing of Demand Curve is actually done via three steps： Demand Schedule 需求表 Demand Function 需求函数 Demand Curve 需求曲线 Example Mrs. Brown is considering buying some oranges for her family. The following table lists Mrs. Brown’s different demand at different prices. We call it Demand Schedule (需求表) price(dollar) demand(kilogram） 1 10 2 8 3 6 4 4 5 2 If we use Q to represent the demand, and P to represent price. We can use an equation to show the relation between Q and P. And We call it a Demand Function(需求函数). So Mrs. Brown’s Demand Function is as following: Q=12-2P （P=1, 2, 3,4, 5） Again, we can also visualize the relationship between Mrs. Brown’s Demand of oranges and their price by graphing the her Demand Function. And we call this graph Demand Curve (需求曲线) Our text book did not really mention Demand Schedule and Demand Function, that is why it may