漂移说（Drift theory）.docVIP

漂移说（Drift theory） In sixteenth Century, Bruno, a Italy scholar, first proposed contraction. He compared the dried wrinkled skin of the apple with the folds of the earths surface. In seventeenth Century the British scholar Bacon first proposed that the opposite of expansion and contraction said, by the end of nineteenth Century and the beginning of the last century some scholars such as Mantovani and Hickson used the expansion theory to explain the similarities and the African rift system and other phenomena on both sides of the Atlantic shape, but inflation does not explain the earths surface of many large-scale extrusion fold mountains. The middle of the nineteenth Century French scholar Laplasse Beaumont according to the origin of the solar system from hot to cold again put forward hypothesis that the earth contraction, internal cooling by the heat causes the earth surface shrinkage and folds and other structure formation. But the contraction theory does not explain the large number of extensional rifting or rift basins formed by the stretching of the earths surface. In the middle and later years of nineteenth Century, American scholars Holzer, Danner and Austria scholar Hughes proposed the concept of geosyncline and platform, so as to establish the geosyncline platform theory. The so-called geosyncline is a strong crustal active belt, distributed in the continental margin, continental interior or continent, generally long strip, as long as hundreds to thousands of kilometers wide, tens to hundreds of kilometers. The general development of geosyncline has experienced two stages: the early stage is a substantial settlement and the formation of thick sedimentary layer; late fold return form mountains, and accompanied by strong magmatism and metamorphism. The platform is a relatively stable area on the mainland, characterized by large area, small relief and weak tectonic activity. Groove theory that a basic structural unit of the crust is composed of geosyncline and