白龙江流域泥石流沟土体渗透特性及其受植被影响-兰州大学.PDF

兰州大学学报: 自然科学版, 2016, 52(6) / 12 月 Journal of Lanzhou University ：Natural Sciences，2016 ，52(6) / December 白龙江流域泥石流沟土体渗透特性及其受植被影响 1, 2 1, 2 1, 2 1, 2 1, 2 1, 2 赵 岩 , 崔志杰 , 熊木齐 , 庆 丰 , 郭 鹏 , 孟兴民 1. 兰州大学 资源环境学院，兰州 730000 2. 甘肃省环境地质与灾害防治工程研究中心，兰州 730000 摘 要：选取白龙江流域典型泥石流沟不同类型土体进行野外原位渗透试验, 结合土壤性质及植被 因素对土体的入渗特征进行比较分析, 认为人类活动使得土体的内部结构和渗透特性发生了极大变 化, 改变了土体在降雨过程中强度的变化规律以及地表径流过程、加剧了流域泥石流的形成. 结果 表明: 土体的有机质和黏粒质量分数与土体的入渗率有较好的负相关关系; 林地对改善土体性质有 较好的作用, 大大提高了土体涵水能力, 且随着海拔升高作用更明显; 千枚岩斜坡和黄土斜坡的入渗 特征有明显的差异性, 在降雨过程中千枚岩斜坡几乎不会产生明显的地表径流, 而是在降雨达到一 定程度后土体强度破坏而以浅层滑坡形式向下滑动, 黄土斜坡则很快产生地表径流, 以坡面泥流的 形式为主沟泥石流的形成提供黏粒和水体. 关键词：渗透试验; 泥石流; 入渗率; 土壤性质; 植被 中图分类号：P642.22 文献标识码：A 文章编号: 0455-2059(2016)06-0728-07 DOI: 10.13885/j.issn.0455-2059.2016.06.003 Soil infiltration characteristics and impact of vegetation of debris-flow valleys in Bailong River Basin Zhao Yan1, 2 , Cui Zhi-jie1, 2 , Xiong Mu-qi1, 2 , Qing Feng1, 2 , Guo Peng1, 2 , Meng Xing-min1, 2 1. College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China 2. Gansu Environmental Geology and Geohazards Engineering Research Centre, Lanzhou 730000, China Abstract: Different types of soil from typical debris-flow valleys were chosen to conduct filed in-situ permeability tests in the Bailong River Basin in combination with soil properties and vegetation factors, a comparative analysis was made of the characteristics of soil infiltration, thus proving that human activity have made great changes in the internal structure of soil and penetration characteristics, and changed the rule of soil mass intensity and surface runoff in the process of rainfall, which exacerbated the formation of debris flow. The results showed