金属的腐蚀与防护（Corrosion and protection of metals）.docVIP

金属的腐蚀与防护（Corrosion and protection of metals） The corrosion and protection of metals When the metal and the surrounding medium contact, due to chemical and electrochemical action and the damage caused by the corrosion of metal is called. From the thermodynamic viewpoint, except for a few precious metals (such as Au, Pt), various metals have become the trend that the metal ion, corrosion is a common phenomenon of spontaneous. Metal corrosion, changes in shape, color and mechanical properties, resulting in equipment damage, pipeline leakage, pollution, accidents causing fire or explosion and serious waste of resources and energy, so that the national economy suffered huge losses. It is estimated that the developed countries in the world each year due to metal corrosion caused economic losses accounts for about 3.5% of GDP to 4.2%, more than a year of the disaster (fire, typhoon and earthquake etc.) the total loss. Some people even estimated every year in the world and scrap metal corrosion loss is about 1 tons! Therefore, the study of corrosion mechanism, take protective measures, is of great significance to economic construction. Many methods of corrosion protection of metals, mainly has the essence of improving metal, the protected metal and corrosive medium separated, or the surface treatment of metal corrosion, improve environment and electrochemical protection etc.. (1) improve the nature of metal According to the different uses of different materials composed of corrosion resistant alloys, or adding alloying elements in metal, improve the corrosion resistance and corrosion can prevent or slow down the metal. For example, in steel containing nickel can enhance the corrosion resistance of stainless steel. (2) to form a protective layer On the surface of the metal covering various protective layer, the metal to be protected from the corrosive medium is separated, is an effective way to prevent metal corrosion. The protective layer is widely used industrially with a