IYPT2012题目以英文为准中文仅供参考-吉林大学教务处.DOC

附件2 第二届吉林大学大学生物理学术竞赛试题 IYPT 2012题目（以英文为准，中文仅供参考） 25. IYPT – 2012@Germany: preliminary Tasks PAY ATTENTION, TASKS WILL BE HEAVILY RE-EDITED 1. Gaussian cannon: A chain of identical steel balls and a strong magnet (somewhere in the chain) are lying in a nonmagnetic channel. A further steel ball rolls slowly towards the chain and collides. The last outgoing ball in the chain is shot away faster, than you would imagine. Optimize the magnet’s position for the largest effect. 高斯炮弹：一个由相同钢球组成的链条和一个位于链条某处的强磁铁位于无磁场的通道内。另有一个钢球缓慢地滚向链条并发生碰撞。链条中最后一个离开的钢球被很快的弹射出去，比你想象的快。求磁体导致最大效应的最佳位置。 2. Cutting through the air: When a piece of thread (e.g., nylon) with a light mass attached at its end is whirled in the air, a distinct noise is emitted. Study the origin of this noise and relevant parameters. 剪切空气：当一根末端系着一轻物体的绳（如尼龙）在空中旋转时，发出明显的声音。请分析这个声音的来源及相关参数。 3. Chain of beads: A long chain of beads is released from a beaker by pulling a sufficient long part of the chain over the edge of the beaker. Due to gravity the speed of the chain increases. At a certain moment the chain does not touch the edge of the beaker any more (see picture). Investigate and explain the phenomenon. 一串珠子：将一串很长的珠子中足够长的一部分拉到烧杯边缘上方释放。由于重力作用，这串珠子的速度逐渐增加。在某一时刻，这串珠子不再触碰烧杯边缘（看图）。研究并解释这种现象。 4. Fluid bridge: If high voltage is applied to a fluid (e.g. water) in two beakers, which are in contact, a fluid bridge can be formed. Investigate the phenomenon. 4. 液体桥：如果将高压加到一种盛放在两个接触的烧杯中的液体上（如水），就会形成一个液体桥。研究这种现象。 5. Bright waves: Illuminate a water tank. When there are waves on the water surface, you can see bright-dark patterns on the bottom of the tank. Study the relation between the waves and the pattern. 5. 明亮的波：照亮一个水箱。当水的表面有波时，你可以看到在水箱底部的明暗相间的图案。研究波和图案的关系。 6. Woodpecker toy: A woodpecker toy (see picture) exhibits an oscillatory motion. Investigate and explain the motion of the toy. 6. 啄木鸟玩具：一个啄木鸟玩具（如图）展示了一个谐振运动。研究和说明玩具的运动。 7. Drawing pins: A drawing pin floating on the surface of water near a similar floating object is subj