山西酸雨及其成因初探-中国气象学会.DOC

山西省酸雨变化趋势特征分析 李亚军 （山西省气象信息中心,山西 太原 030006） [摘要]：S11酸雨严重危害工农业生产、生态环境。利用气候倾向率及相关系数方法统计分析1994～2012年山西省南部侯马和中部太原；2006～2012年北部五台山、大同、南部长治这5站酸雨观测资料，分析山西省酸雨的时空分布特征。结果表明：1994～2012年侯马和太原酸雨年平均pH值范围在5.01-6.40，呈明显的下降趋势为-0.310/10a，尤以南部侯马降低最为明显。在秋季下降最为明显为-0.953/10a，从10年尺度来看，21世纪前10年与上世纪90年代pH值下降了0.39，山西省酸雨酸性呈上升趋势。不同等级降水酸雨发生频率差别大，在降水量5-10毫米时酸雨发生频率最大,当降水量超过15毫米以后酸雨发生的频率就大大减小。酸雨发生的频率有明显的季节性，在夏季发生的频率最大，降水酸性也最强。酸雨发生频率的空间分布特征呈现出：山西省南部和西北部酸雨比其他地区污染严重，侯马出现的频率最大，为29.94%；大同出现的频率最小，为0.63%。 关键词：山西； pH值；K值 ；酸雨频率 Analysis of changing trend characteristics of acid rain in Shanxi Province Li Ya-jun (Shanxi Meteorological Information Center, Taiyaun, 030006) Abstract: Acid rain has serious damage to industry and agriculture production and ecological environment. Using the observational data of acid rain of Houma and Taiyuan station from 1994 to 2012 and the data of Wutai mountain, Datong and Changzhi station from 2006 to 2012, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of acid rain in Shanxi province are investigated with methods of Climate tendency rate and Correlation coefficient. The results indicate that: the annual mean PH value of acid rain in Houma and Taiyuan from 1994 to 2012 is in the range of 5.01-6.40, which shows obvious downward trend and the rate of descent is -0.310/10a. The most obvious descent occurs in the autumn of Houma and the rate of descent is -0.953/10a. From the 10 years scale , the PH value dropped by 0.39 in 1990s and the first 10 years of 21 century, and the acidity of acid rain in Shanxi Province is on rising trend. Different levels of precipitation have different acid rain frequency，When the rainfall is between 5 to10 mm, the occurrence frequency of acid rain reaches to the maximum. While when the rainfall is more than 15 mm, the occurrence frequency is reduced significantly. The occurrence frequency of acid rain shows obvious seasonal characteristic. In the summer, the frequency reaches to the biggest and the precipitation acidity reaches to the stronge