Cool nr t Principles 1 Routledge（1 劳特利奇酷nr t原则）.pdf

Control Principles 1 Learning Outcomes This chapter introduces the basic principles and concepts of control systems. On completion, you should be able to: 1 Compare and differentiate between simple open-loop and closed-loop control systems. 2 Compare the relative advantages and disadvantages of these systems. 3 Describe examples of such systems, in both engineering and non-engineering situations. 4 Derive the transfer function for simple control systems. 5 Appreciate the causes of instability in closed-loop control systems. 6 Describe the response of a control system, when subjected to a step input. 1 Introduction The subject of automatic control is a fairly complex one. This chapter, therefore, is designed to give you an insight and ‘ feel ’ for the underlying principles involved. It is therefore mainly descriptive, and the mathematical content is minimal. When the term ‘ automatic control ’ is used, most people would take this as applying to some form of engineering system. However, the control principles used in engineering systems apply equally to many other situations. Despite the very wide range of control systems, they may all be analysed by using the same techniques. In this regard, the use of analogies is very useful.