DESIGN OF MACHINE PARTS University of （机器零件的设计大学）.pdf

DESIGN OF MACHINE PARTS MATERIALS IN DESIGN OF MACHINE PARTS STEEL AND STEEL STANDARDS • NATIONAL STEEL STANDARDS • Steel suppliers produce steels to various national standards • Classified by application into categories shown in the next slide STEEL • An alloy of iron and carbon, in which the carbon content is less than 2.0 %. • Other alloying elements present in steel are: – Silicon, Manganese, Chromium, Nickel, Molybdenum, Tungsten, Vanadium. • Sulphur and Phosphorus occur as impurities originating from the ore and refining process. • CLASSIFICATION OF STEEL BY APPLICATION • The choice of steel for a particular application is initially made by choosing the carbon content. The next slide gives guidelines[1] on the carbon content suitable for various common applications. • [1] Shigley, Joseph E., Engineering Design, pp.222., McGraw-Hill Book C0mpany Inc., 1963. Uses for steel by carbon content Carbon Carbon Use class range, % Low 0.05-0.15 Chain, Nails, Pipe rivets, Sheets for pressing and stamping, wire Medium 0.15-0.30 Bars, Plates, Structural shapes 0.30-0.45 Axles, connecting rods, shafting High 0.45-0.60 Crankshafts, scraper blades 0.60-0.75 Automobile springs, Anvils, Band saws, Drop hammer dies Very 0.75-0.90 Chisels, punches, hand tools High 0.90-1.00 Knives, Shear blades, springs 1.00-1.10 Milling Cutters, Dies, Taps 1.10-1.20 Lathe Tools, Woodworking Tools 1.20-1.30 Files, Reamers 1.30-1.40 Dies for wire drawing 1.40-1.50 Metal cutting saws ALLOYING ELEMENTS EFFECTS ON STEEL • Chromium –