Dispelling the Myths of Heat Transfer Fluids（消除传热流体的神话）.pdf

Dispelling the Myths of Heat Transfer Fluids Kevin Connor – The Dow Chemical Company Heat Transfer – Chill Water Loop Secondary Coolant Primary RefrigerantPrimary Refrigerant (Heat Transfer Fluid) Expansion Device Air Handler Evaporator Condenser Pump Compressor 2 The Need for “Antifreeze” • Water is almost a perfect fluid… – Excellent heat transfer – Excellent health safety – Low cost o o • BUT water freezes at 0 C / 32 F • Antifreeze protects system piping and components from damage caused by freezing – Volume expansion due to ice crystals generates pressure which ruptures pipes and can destroy equipment Heat Transfer Fluid “Wish List” • Effective freeze protection o o – Freezing point below -40 C / -40 F • Efficient heat transfer over broad temperature range o o o o – -15 C to 125 C / 0 F to 250 F • No harmful effects (health, safety, environment) – Non-toxic, non-flammable, environmentally benign • Non-corrosive / non-destructive to materials – 20+ year fluid life • Low cost – Low power consumption, low capital cost, and low maintenance 4 Choice of Heat Transfer Fluids • Salt based (brines) • Alcohols Glycols – Lithium bromide ̶ Methanol – Calcium chloride ̶ Ethanol – Magnesium chloride ̶ Ethylene glycol – Sodium chloride ̶ Pro