- 1、本文档共13页,可阅读全部内容。
- 2、原创力文档(book118)网站文档一经付费(服务费),不意味着购买了该文档的版权,仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用,不得用于商业用途,未经授权,严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等,侵权必究。
- 3、本站所有内容均由合作方或网友上传,本站不对文档的完整性、权威性及其观点立场正确性做任何保证或承诺!文档内容仅供研究参考,付费前请自行鉴别。如您付费,意味着您自己接受本站规则且自行承担风险,本站不退款、不进行额外附加服务;查看《如何避免下载的几个坑》。如果您已付费下载过本站文档,您可以点击 这里二次下载。
- 4、如文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等,请点击“版权申诉”(推荐),也可以打举报电话:400-050-0827(电话支持时间:9:00-18:30)。
查看更多
distillation University of Massachusetts Amherst(蒸馏马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特学院)
Distillation
Distillation is a commonly used method for purifying liquids and separating mixtures of liquids into
their individual components. Familiar examples include the distillation of crude fermentation
broths into alcoholic spirits such as gin and vodka, and the fractionation of crude oil into useful
products such as gasoline and heating oil. In the organic lab, distillation is used for purifying
solvents and liquid reaction products.
To understand distillation, first consider what happens upon heating a liquid. At any temperature,
some molecules of a liquid possess enough kinetic energy to escape into the vapor phase
(evaporation) and some of the molecules in the vapor phase return to the liquid (condensation). An
equilibrium is set up, with molecules going back and forth between liquid and vapor. At higher
temperatures, more molecules possess enough kinetic energy to escape, which results in a greater
number of molecules being present in the vapor phase.
If the liquid is placed into a closed container with a pressure gauge attached, one can obtain a
quantitative measure of the degree of vaporization. This pressure is defined as the vapor pressure of
the compound, and can be measured at different temperatures.
Consider heating cyclohexane, a liquid hydrocarbon, and measuring its vapor pressure at different
temperatures. As shown in the following graph of temperature vs vapor pressure, as the
temperature of cyclohexane is increased the vapor pressure also increases. This is true for all
liquids. At some point, as the temperature is increased, the liquid begins to boil. This happens
when the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the applied pressure (for an apparatus that is open to
the atmosphere the applied pressure equals atmospheric pressure (1 atm = 760 mm Hg)). For
cyclohexane, this occurs at 81° C. The boiling point (BP) of cyclohexane therefore equals 81° C.
The definition of the boiling point of a liquid in an open contai
您可能关注的文档
- Digital Integrated Circuits A Design Perspective(数字集成电路设计的角度来看).pdf
- Digital Passband Transmission (Digital (数字滤波器通传输(数字).pdf
- DIGITAL RCD(ELCB)TESTER MODEL5406A(数字RCD(ELCB)测试人员MODEL5406A).pdf
- Digital Photography Superguide Macworld(数码摄影SuperguideMacworld).pdf
- Digital Storage Oscilloscopes TDS1000B Series (数字存储示波器TDS1000B系列).pdf
- Digital Speech Processing— Lecture 1(数字语音处理讲座1).pdf
- Digital Photography with Flash and NoFlash (数码摄影闪光灯和Flash).pdf
- Digital to Analog Converter Georgia Institute (数字模拟转换器佐治亚理工学院).pdf
- DILA PROJECTORS DLAX95R DLAX75R DLA (DILA投影仪DLAX95R DLAX75R国防后勤局).PDF
- Digital Surface Modeling and Volumetric (数字表面建模和体积).pdf
- 中国行业标准 GM/T 0126-2023HTML密码应用置标语法.pdf
- 《JJF 2121-2024恒转速源校准规范》.pdf
- 餐饮服务中20条处理要点.docx
- 《GM/T 0011-2023可信计算 可信密码支撑平台功能与接口规范》.pdf
- 《JJF 2134-2024旋转流变仪校准规范》.pdf
- JJF 2121-2024恒转速源校准规范.pdf
- 计量规程规范 JJF 2121-2024恒转速源校准规范.pdf
- 《JJF 2118-2024压力式六氟化硫气体密度控制器校验仪校准规范》.pdf
- JJF 2134-2024旋转流变仪校准规范.pdf
- 计量规程规范 JJF 2134-2024旋转流变仪校准规范.pdf
最近下载
- 2024年高考地理新课标卷试题答案解析及备考指导课件.pdf
- 铸牢中华民族共同体意识-考试复习题库(含答案).docx VIP
- 2024年党纪学习教育ppt(党课).pptx VIP
- 至为芯科技多串锂电池充放电芯片IP5389 datasheet_cn_v1.02(1)(2).pdf
- 2024年四川凉山昭觉县事业单位招聘60人历年公开引进高层次人才和急需紧缺人才笔试参考题库(共500题)答案详解版.docx
- 全国托育大赛中职组(教师)备赛复习试题附答案.doc
- 金匮要略的基础知识点总结(考试必备).doc VIP
- 爱在日落黄昏时Before.Sunset.2004中英表格台词剧本.pdf
- PADI开放水域潜水员理论考试A卷.docx
- 项目经理考核细则.docx
文档评论(0)