湄公河流域跨界水域治理之评析-国立中兴大学国际政治研究所.PDF

全球政治評論 Review of Global Politics 第三十六期（ 2011 ）No.36 頁 115-138 學術論文 湄公河流域跨界水域治理之評析∗ Trans-boundary Water Governance in the Mekong River Basin 于蕙清 Lily H.C. Yu 正修科技大學通識教育中心副教授 Associate Professor of Center for General Education Cheng Shiu University 摘要 / Abstract 亞洲地區是未來經濟發展之重心，也是全世界人口最多的地區。隨著 人口增長，生活水準提升，用水量亦會隨之增加。人為的政治邊界將人民 分開，而水卻迫使人民結合在一起。如何分享共有的水資源，已成當務之 急。本文旨在說明跨界水域治理之重要性與意義，並探討湄公河之治理過 程。本文回顧湄公河流域治理之歷史，並由環境、政治、社會、與經濟四 面向檢驗湄公河的水治理成效。湄公河流域之治理乃以經濟發展與扶貧為 主，而忽略了環境的可持續性。培育環境意識才是永續發展的保障。目前 跨邊界治理的最大障礙，主要在於區域內諸國未能全面合作，政治不夠民 主化，人民未能積極的參與公共事物，窮人的需求容易被忽略，且貪腐侵 吞了治理之經費等。 ∗ 本文為國家科學委員會計畫〈界定水治理之共同利益－以七個亞洲跨界水域為例〉 (NSC98-2410-H-230-010-)研究之部分成果。 Asia, with the most population among all continents, is emerging as the future economic development center in the world. As population growth and living standards rising, freshwater usage must be increasing. Rivers flows through artificially demarcated borders, and united their users. How to share common water resources is the most important challenge faced by riparian nations. This paper discussed the importance and meaning of water governance in transboundary rivers and analyzed the case in the Mekong River basin. It introduced the history of water governance in the Mekong River basin, and evaluated its performance from environmental, political, social, and economic dimensions. Economic developments and poverty alleviation are at the top of the transboundary governance goals, that is why the issue of environmental sustainability is of