GLOSSARY OF OILFIELD TERMS Xperts （油田专业术语专家）.pdf

GLOSSARY OF OILFIELD TERMS Drilling Operations Abnormal pressure A subsurface condition in which the pore pressure of a geologic formation exceeds or is less than the expected, or normal, formation pressure. When impermeable rocks such as shales are compacted rapidly, their pore fluids cannot always escape and must then support the total overlying rock column, leading to abnormally high formation pressures. Excess pressure, called overpressure or geopressure, can cause a well to blow out or become uncontrollable during drilling. Severe underpressure can cause the drillpipe to stick to the underpressured formation. Air drilling A drilling technique whereby gases (typically compressed air or nitrogen) are used to cool the drill bit and lift cuttings out of the wellbore, instead of the more conventional use of liquids. The advantages of air drilling are that it is usually much faster than drilling with liquids and it may eliminate lost circulation problems. The disadvantages are the inability to control the influx of formation fluids into the wellbore and the destabilization of the borehole wall in the absence of the wellbore pressure typically provided by liquids. Annular pressure Fluid pressure in the annulus between tubing and casing or between two strings of casing. Annular velocity The speed at which drilling fluid or cement moves in the annulus. It is important to monitor annular