GUIDEDWAVE OPTICS Free（导波光学免费）.pdf

Fundamentals of Photonics Bahaa E. A. Saleh, Malvin Carl Teich Copyright © 1991 John Wiley Sons, Inc. ISBNs: 0-471-83965-5 (Hardback); 0-471-2-1374-8 (Electronic) CHAPTER 7 GUIDED-WAVE OPTICS 7.1 PLANAR-MIRROR WAVEGUIDES 7.2 PLANAR DIELECTRIC WAVEGUIDES A. Waveguide Modes B. Field Distributions C. Group Velocities 7.3 TWO-DIMENSIONAL WAVEGUIDES 7.4 OPTICAL COUPLING IN WAVEGUIDES A. Input Couplers B. Coupling Between Waveguides John Tyndall (1820-1893) was the first to demonstrate total internal reflection, which is the basis of guided-wave optics. 238 Conventional optical instruments make use of light that is transmitted between differ- ent locations in the form of beams that are collimated, relayed, focused, or scanned by mirrors, lenses, and prisms. Optical beams diffract and broaden, but they can be refocused by the use of lenses and mirrors. Although such beams are easily obstructed or scattered by various objects, this form of free-space transmission of light is the basis of most optical systems. There is, however, a relatively new technology for transmitting light through dielectric conduits, guided-wave optics. It has been developed to provide long-distance light transmission without the use of relay lenses. Guided-wave optics has important applications in directing light to awkward places, in establishing secure communications, and in the fabrication of miniaturized optical and optoelectronic devices requiring the confinement of light. The basic concept of opti