HEAT TRANSFER AND HEAT EXCHANGERS B （传热和热交换器B）.pdf

8 HEAT TRANSFER AND HEAT EXCHANGERS asic concepts of heat transfer are reviewed in this equipment, some of which are treated in the next and other chapter and applied primarily to heat exchangers, chapters. The three recognized modes of heat transfer are by which are equipment for the transfer of heat conduction, convection, and radiation, and may occur Bbetween two fluids through a separating wall. simultaneously in some equipment. Heat transfer also is a key process in other specialized 8.1. CONDUCTION OF HEAT which demonstrates that use of a value at the average temperature gives an exact result. Thermal conductivity data at several In a solid wall such as Figure 8.l(a), the variation of temperature temperatures of some metals used in heat exchangers are in Table with time and position is represented by the one-dimensional 8.1. The order of magnitude of the temperature effect on k is Fourier equation illustrated in Example 8.1. For the most part, only the steady state condition will be of concern here, in which the case the partial integral of Eq. (8.1) becomes dT Q = - k A - - , dx assuming the thermal conductivity k to be independent of temperature. Furthermore, when both k and A