Introduction to Turbulent Flow - Site Disabled（介绍湍流网站禁用）.pdf

CBE 6333, R. Levicky 1 Introduction to Turbulent Flow Turbulent Flow. In turbulent flow, the velocity components and other variables (e.g. pressure, density - if the fluid is compressible, temperature - if the temperature is not uniform) at a point fluctuate with time in an apparently random fashion. In general, turbulent flow is time-dependent, rotational, and three dimensional – thus, methods such as developed for potential flow in handout 13 do not work. For instance, measurement of the velocity component v at some stationary point in the flow may produce a 1 plot as shown in Figure 1. In Figure 1, the velocity can be regarded as consisting of an average value v indicated by the dashed line, plus a random fluctuation v 1 1 v (t) = v (t) + v (t) (1) 1 1 1 Figure 1 Similarly, other variables may also fluctuate, for example p (t) = p (t) + p (t) (2) ρ(t) = ρ (t) + ρ(t) (3) The overscore denotes average values and the prime denotes fluctuations. Turbulence will always occur for sufficiently high Re numbers, regardless of the geometry of flow under consideration. The origin of turbulence rests in small perturbations imposed on the flow; for instance, by wall roughness, by small variations in fluid density, by mechanical vibrations, etc. At low Re numbers such disturbances are damped ou