Principles of Ethical Leadership Southeastern （伦理领导的原则东南部）.pdfVIP

1 Principles of Ethical Leadership The five principles of ethical leadership presented here can be traced back to Aristotle. The importance of these principles has been discussed in a variety of disciplines, including biomedical ethics (Beauchamp Childress, 1994), business ethics (Beauchamp Bowie, 1988), counseling psychology (Kitchener, 1984), and leadership education (Komives, Lucas, McMahon, 1998), to name a few. Although not exhaustive, these principles provide a foundation for the development of sound ethical leadership: respect, service, justice, honesty, and community. Ethical leaders Respect Others Philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) argued that it is our duty to treat others with respect. To do so means always to treat others as ends in themselves and never as means to ends. As Beauchamp and Bowie (1988, p. 37) pointed out, “Persons must be treated as having their own autonomously established goals and must never be treated purely as the means to another’s personal goals.” These writers then suggested that treating others as ends rather than as means requires that we treat other people’s decisions and values with respect: failing to do so would signify that we were treating them as a means to our own ends. Leaders who respect others also allow them to be themselves, with creative wants and desires. They approach other people with a sense of their unconditional worth and valuable individual differences (Kitchener, 1984). Respect includes giving credence to others’ ideas and confirming them as human beings. At times, it may require that leaders defer to others. As Burns (1978) suggested, leaders should nurture followers in becoming aware of their own needs, values, and purposes, and assist followers in integrating these with the leader’s needs, values, and purposes. Respect for others is a complex ethic tha