太行山南段洞栖蝙蝠的分布及栖息地重要性分析 - OALib.PDF

兽类学报,2011,31 (4):371 - 379 Acta Theriologica Sinica 太行山南段洞栖蝙蝠的分布及栖息地重要性分析 刘伟 王延校 何新焕 牛红星 (河南师范大学生命科学学院,新乡 453007 ) 摘要:2009 年 8 月至2010 年9 月,对太行山南段的洞栖蝙蝠及栖息地进行了调查,共调查洞穴 38 个,其中 28 个洞穴为首次调查,共观察到蝙蝠约 17 000 只,隶属 2 科4 属 9 种,其中分布最广、数量最多的是马铁菊头蝠。 测量洞穴的总水平长度、最大宽度和最大高度,并以洞穴内蝙蝠的种群数量 (Ai) 与根据物种生存状态赋值的 权重 (Mi)乘积之和评估洞穴重要性。在调查的洞穴中,最重要的洞穴是黄楝树水渠,有8 种约2 500只蝙蝠在 此繁殖和冬眠;其次是涧河洞,有5 种约2 100只蝙蝠在此繁殖和冬眠。基于洞栖蝙蝠种类和洞穴测量数据的聚 类及主成分分析,探讨了太行山南段东西两侧洞栖蝙蝠的分布状况、不同类型栖息地之间的差异以及洞栖蝙蝠 对栖息地的选择。太行山南段东西两侧洞栖蝙蝠的种类和种群数量差异不显著。冬眠洞穴的总水平长度、最大 宽度、最大高度、郁闭度均显著大于非冬眠洞穴。影响蝙蝠栖息地选择的主要因子有地形因子、隐蔽因子和干 扰因子,这3 个主成分的累计贡献率达到 85 96% 。 目前,这些洞穴的保护现状均不理想,一些洞穴已经或正在 被开发成旅游景点,这使该地区洞栖蝙蝠面临严重的生存危机。本研究结果以期能为决策者在制定开发旅游策 略时提供参考和依据。 关键词:太行山南段;洞栖蝙蝠;栖息地 中图分类号:Q959 833 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000 - 1050 (2011 )04 - 0371 - 09 Distribution and analysis of the importance of underground habitats of cave-dwelling bats in the south of Taihang Mountain  LIU Wei,WANG Yanxiao,HE Xinhuan,NIU Hongxing (College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007 ,China) Abstract :Populations and underground habitats of cave-dwelling bat species were investigated in the south of Taihang Mountain Data were collected during 76 surveys in 38 underground sites,28 of which had not been surveyed previously by bat researchers Between August 2009 and September 2010,approximately 17 000 bats were recorded They represented nine species which belonged to four genera of two families The most abundant species was Rhinolophus ferrumequinum Data were collected on many cave variables such as the total length of passages (L),the maximal width (W)and the maximal height (H ). A conservation scoring system was proposed for the sites investigated,and the roosts were evaluated for their