定语从句、状语从句与同位语从句.doc

复合句 【语法要点】 复合句是由一个主句加一个或几个从句所构成的句子。从句只用作句子的一个成分，不能独立。根据从句在句子中的作用，可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三类。 （一）名词性从句 名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。其关联词有连接词that、if、whether；疑问代词who、what、which和疑问副词when、where、how、why等。 1.名词性从句句法结构： 从 属 连 词 that whether 主语从句 That he will come is certain.（that不可省） Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much. （不能用if） 宾语从句 I think（that）he will be all right in a few days. I went in and asked if（=whether）they had a cheap suit. I wonder whether（不能用if）it is true or not. 表语从句 The fact is（that）I have never been there. The question is whether（不能用if）it is worth doing. 同位语从句 The fact that she had not said anything surprised all of us. They asked me the question whether the work was worth doing. 连 接 代 词 that who whom whose which 主语从句 Who will help him is not known. What he said is very important. Which side will win is not clear. 宾语从句 （1）作及物动词的宾语。例如： I really don’t know what he is doing. Do you know who/whom they are waiting for? He asked whose dictionary it was. He can’t tell which method they will use for the experiment. （2）作介词的宾语。例如： Pay attention to what the teacher said. I wondered to whom he had given the letter. 表语从句 That is what he is worried about. The question is who will come here. The question is which team will win the match. 连 接 副 词 where when why how 主语从句 Where she has gone is not known yet. When they will start is not known yet. Why he did it wasn’t quite clear. How he became a great scientist is known to us all. 宾语从句 I don’t know where we are going to have the meeting. Please tell me when we shall discuss our work plan. Do you know why he said that? Will you tell me how I can get to the railway station? 表语从句 That is where he was born. This is why he is late. This is how he did it. The question is when he will be back. 同位语从句 I have no idea when he will come back.You have no idea how worried I was. The problem is where we can get so much money. 2.名词性从句的其它用法： 1）if不能引导表语从句。连接代词who、what、whose、which不能引导同位语从句。 2）有时as、as if/though、because也可以引导表语从句，能跟