生物信息学讲课五-20031122-考.pptVIP

大规模基因功能表达谱的分析 随着人类基因组测序逐渐接近完成，人们自然会提出如下的问题：即使我们已经获得了人的完整基因图谱，那我们对人的生命活动能说明到什么程度呢？人们进一步提出了一系列由上述数据所不能说明的问题，例如：基因表达的产物是否出现与何时出现；基因表达产物的定量程度是多少；是否存在翻译后的修饰过程，若存在是如何修饰的；基因敲除（knock-out）或基因过度表达的影响是什么；多基因差异表达与表现型关系如何等等。概括这些问题，其实质应该是：知道了核酸序列和基因，我们依然不知道它们是如何发挥功能的，或者说它们是如何按照特定的时间、空间进行基因表达的，表达量有多少。 microarrays Affymetrix Oligos Don’t have to know sequence Glass slides Pat brown 功能图谱 后基因组研究对象的多层次 遗传图谱（Genetic map） 限制性图谱（Restriction map） 物理图谱（Physical map） 功能图谱（Functional maps） 研究思路的变化 更好整合生物过程不同阶段的分散数据. 基因组 + 转录组+ 蛋白质组 + 代谢组 满足复杂查询的整合数据库. 对复杂生物过程的更好模拟. 蛋白质折叠. 复杂系统建模. Signaling/Metabolic pathways. Pathogenesis. 生物过程动态研究. From the components of a pathway to the dynamics of a pathway. （二）、系统生物学研究的一些例子 Annotating the Yeast Genome 整合转录组和蛋白质组实验数据后获得的精细功能图谱 Nature 415, 123 - 124 (2002) Nature 415, 141 - 147 (2002) Modeling the Heart from Genes to Cells to the Whole OrganSciences Vol 295 1 March 2002 多信息融合构建功能图谱 酵母细胞周期表达谱分析共调控基因 Spectral Analysis of the Protein-protein Interaction Network in Budding yeast The topological structure in protein-protein interaction network In clique, proteins connect quite tightly, almost interacting with each other. However, in each bipartite, proteins were divided into two parts, proteins seldom connect in same parts but connect tightly with proteins in counter part. The percentage of function classes in every clique Function prediction for SSU processome The protein-protein interaction network: before and after spectral analysis BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR(2001): Science celebrates nine other areas in which important findings were reported this year, from subatomic to atmospheric and beyond.First runner-up: RNA ascending. Short RNAs clearly play important biological roles. Dozens of the molecules are now known to exist in the nematode and fruit fly. The coding for these molecules is contained in the DNA sequence. Some 100 of these tiny RNA genes have been found in the gut bacterium Escherichia coli, and some 200 were uncovered in D