Nucalear raditation核辐射小知识.pdfVIP

核辐射小知识 What is nuclear radiation ？ SAE 工业安全 Industrial Safety 1.What is nuclear radiation? 什么叫做核辐射？ You have a lot of radiation types: heat, light, microwave and nuclear. Nuclear radiation can occur in different forms. The common characteristics of all types nuclear radiation are the fact that it is so energetic that it can destroy molecules. Heat and sunlight are not able to do such damage. 辐射可以被划分为许多种类 : 热、光、微波和核辐射。核辐射可以以 不同的形式来呈现。所有核辐射的共同特点就是他们的能量足够破坏 所有的分子，而热和太阳光做不到这一点。   2.Why is nuclear radiation dangerous? 为什么核辐射是危险的？ Radiation (with the word radiation, we mean nuclear radiation from now on) can destroy molecules, including the molecules in our body. When DNA- molecules in your cells are destroyed you run a risk of getting cancer. Radiation is therefor called carcinogenic: it causes cancer. The specific problem with radiation, compared to other carcinogenic substances (i.e. chemical etc.) is that there is no safe dose below which there is no effect. 辐射（以下的辐射都是指核辐射）会破坏分子，其中也包括我们身体中的分子。 当你体内的DNA- 分子遭受破坏时候，便有可能发生癌变。因此这种辐射又会 被称作致癌的，因为它会产生癌变。与其他致癌物质相比（例如化学物质）， 这种辐射的问题在于，根本没有安全的辐射量，即并不是说在某个限定范围内 ，受到辐射便是安全的 3 ．辐射源是什么？ Radioactive substances emit radiation. These substances are made of non-stable atoms that disintegrate into stable atoms. During disintegration the atom emits energy in the form of radiation. This process is also called radioactive decay. 辐射物质会放射射线，放射物质由不稳定的原子组成，在辐射 过程中，不稳定的原子放射出能量的过程便叫辐射，同时会转 化为稳定的原子。这个过程就叫放射衰变 4.What is radioactivity? 什么是辐射现象？ Radioactivity of a substance is the indicator for the amount of disintegrations of atoms in the substance. A lot of radioactivity in a substance, the substance is called very radioactive, can have two reasons: 1. The substance has a lot of radioactive atoms in it and 2. The radioactive at