nnealing.pptVIP

Nitrogen/Hydrogen Atmospheres For Annealing of Steel Products.钢产品在氮氢气氛中的退火 Annealing Definitions 退火的定义 Heating to an elevated temperature followed by controlled, slow cooling to develop a desired set of mechanical properties or metallographic structure. 加热到指定温度，然后慢慢冷却以获得所要求的机械特性或金属结构。 Usually done to soften metal for further processing. 通常用于软化金属以准备进一步处理 Any heat treatment process that results in a non martensitic microstructure with low hardness and high ductility 任何能形成低硬度高延展性非马氏体微观结构的热处理流程都可以称为退火 Why Anneal 为什么要退火?? Relieve cooling cold working stresses 消除冷却产生的应力 Improve ductility, machinability formability 改善延展性、机械加工性能和可塑性 Facilitate cold working 便于冷加工 Produce a definite microstructure 形成一定的微观结构 Homogenize alloying elements and microstructure 均衡合金成分和微观结构 Induce softness 软化作用 Produce desired grain size and orientations 形成要求的晶体导向和大小 Change mechanical. Electrical and magnetic properties 改变机械电气和磁性特性 Annealing Variations on the theme Black/Blue annealing 黑/蓝退火 Bright annealing 光亮退火 Process annealing 工艺退火 Recrystalization annealing 再结晶退火 Subcritcal annealing 低温亚相变退火 Full annealing 完全退火 Isothermal annealing 等温退火 Critical Range annealing 临界退火 Spheroidize Annealing 球化退火 Primary Atmosphere Functions 气氛的基本作用 Protect Against Oxidation 防止氧化 Aid in Reduction Remove Lubricant Vapors 去除润滑剂蒸汽 Maintain Carbon Control - Decarburization 脱碳 - Carburization 渗碳 Heat Transfer Rate 热传导率 Typical Composition of Heat Treat Atmospheres Common Annealing Atmospheres Exothermic Generator Partial combustion of air and a hydrocarbon (CH4) Classified as Rich or Lean Output Nitrogen (67 - 87%) Hydrogen (1 - 13%) Carbon Monoxide ( 1.5 - 10%) Carbon Dioxide (5 - 11%) Water (2 - 3%) Exothermic Gas Generator Bell Furnace Horizontal Strip Anneal Furnace ROLLER HEARTH FURNACE Tube/Wire Anneal Furnace TYPICAL NITROGEN / HYDROGEN ATMOSPHERE SYSTEMFor Continuous Furnaces 1400 TO 2400 F 100 % Hydrogen Annealing Benefits Significant Improvement in Productivity Better heat transfer ( seven times