“合”（复合、联合、结合、相合）.pptVIP

B. Collaboration 联合 Types of Collaboration: 联合的种类 Vertical collaboration – Suppliers, intermediaries, distributors, logistics providers, vendors, etc.; 垂直联合——供应商、中间商、分销商、物流提供商等 Horizontal collaboration – Competitors (domestic and foreign; existing or new); 水平联合——竞争者（国内与国外；现有的与新进入的） Lateral collaboration – Supporting agencies, designers, PE/VC, banks, professional service providers, government, etc. 侧向联合——各种支持机构，工业设计，私募基金/风险投资，银行，专业服务，政府等 Forms of Collaboration: 联合的形式 Cooperative alliances 合作联盟 Long-term supply agreement 长期供应合同 Long-term contractual agreement 长期合约协议 Co-marketing (co-distribution; co-branding; co-promotion, etc.) 合作营销（合作配送，品牌合作；共同推广等） RD consortium or collaboration 研发合作 Co-production 共同生产 Licensing agreement 特许权许可 Co-training and co-management 共同培训和共同管理 OEM/OBM/ODM 原始设备制造商/原始品牌制造商/原始设计制造商 Equity joint ventures 股权式合营 Acquisitions 收购 Ownership (or cross ownership) participation 股权（或跨股权）参与 Network and networking 网络与松散型合作 Interlocking directorates 董事会成员 Advisory board membership 顾问委员会成员 Guanxi network 关系网络 Industrial or technological clusters and parks 产业或科技集聚、工业园与科技园 Industrial or regional association memberships 产业与地区组织参与 * B. Collaboration 联合 * C. Combination 结合 Combination emphasizes the simultaneous fulfillment of two disparate (sometimes competing) ends at the same time. It focuses on an ambi-cultural attitude. It refers broadly to an organization’s ability to combinatively and concurrently pursue two disparate objectives, such as combining: 结合强调不相关（甚至相互矛盾的）两个目标的同时实现，它体现的是一种双元理念。它的好处是: (1) 提供更多增长机会；(2) 提供更多战略选择；(3) 增强企业增长的长期性和持续性; (4) 获得协同效应和互补效应 * Growth combinability 增长结合 Short-tem and long-term (temporal combination) 长期和短期（时态结合） Stability and adaptability (prudent adaptation) 稳定性与适应性 (稳定发展） Organic growth and acquisitions (combinative growth) 内部增长与收购（结合式增长） Low cost customer satisfaction (integrated competitive strategy) 低成本与顾客满意（整合式竞争战略） Capability combinability 能力结合 Exploration and exploitation (capability ambidexterity) 开发与利用（能力双元性） I