影响瑞安市产妇无痛分娩率现状调查研究.doc

影响瑞安市产妇无痛分娩率现状调查研究[摘要] 目的 探讨瑞安市产妇无痛分娩率较低的人口统计学和心理社会因素，为有关部门制定有效的干预措施提供科学依据。方法 采用整群抽样方法抽取2010年6～9月在瑞安市妇幼保健院住院分娩1620例产妇作为研究对象，其中200例产妇实施无痛分娩。对所有产妇进行面对面问卷调查，调查内容包括人口统计学变量和分娩意愿等心理社会因素。结果 无痛分娩率为23.4%。无痛分娩与某些人口学特征（如学历、职业、受教育程度、收入、居住地、有无医疗保险等）有统计学关联，还和产妇对无痛分娩的认识有关。经单因素分析后选出P＜0.05的变量进行多因素分析，结果显示，产妇的较高学历、白领职业、参加了医保以及产妇对于无痛分娩的安全认识是无痛分娩的保护因素。结论 可诊断产妇人口统计学特征以及为无痛分娩的认识开展健康教育，促进无痛分娩的开展，提高自然分娩率。 [关键词] 无痛分娩；影响因素；干预措施 [中图分类号] R714.3 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701（2011）24-23-02 Survey of Painless Delivery in Ruian City DING Shimin BAO Chunhua DING Xiangcui GE Tichi The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College， Ruian City Peoples Hospital of Zhejiang Province， Ruian 325200， China [Abstract] Objective To understand the incidence of painless delivery rate of Ruian city and to explore some factors affecting the lower painless rate in an attempt to provide a scientific basis for effective interventions to the relevant departments. Methods We used a method of randomly chester sampling to select 1620 cases from our hospital， in which a retrospective analysis of painless delivery was made in 200 cases. Results At present， the painless delivery rate was 23.4%， and such a low painless delivery rate was closely related to some demographic characteristics （such as educational background， occupation， educational level， income， residence， etc.） and was also related to maternal awareness of the painless delivery. Conclusion Popularization of painless delivery knowledge， correct understanding of its pros and cons and strict control of cesarean section indication are expected to reduce the rate of cesarean section to promote painless delivery. [Key words] Painless labor； Relative factors； Measure 随着围产医学的发展和人们生活水平的提高，如何减轻分娩过程中的疼痛，提倡阴道分娩，降低剖宫产率，是现代医学领域的课题之一[1，2]。自然分娩是人类为顺应自然法则而选择的最佳分娩方式，也是人类在繁衍生育活动中进行自我调节，体现人体器官作用，强化人类情感的最原始且最自然的方式。而剖宫产作为人类自然生育的一种补充，为解决难产及高危孕产妇的分娩问题起到了关键性作用[3，4]，但毕竟是一种手术创伤，对孕产妇可造成近期和远期的伤害，同时，剖宫产对婴儿也会造成不良影响[5，6]。本研究探讨瑞安市产妇无痛分娩率较低的人口统计学和心理社会因素，现调查报道如下。