人口统计学及对健康的影响-treatobacconet.ppt

* * Most of the increase in cancer death rates for men prior to 1990 was attributable to lung cancer. However, since 1990, the age-adjusted lung cancer death rate in men has been decreasing. Stomach cancer mortality has decreased considerably since 1930. Death rates from prostate and colorectal cancers have also been declining. * Lung cancer is currently the most common cause of cancer death in women, with the death rate more than two times what it was 25 years ago. In comparison, breast cancer death rates were virtually unchanged between 1930 and 1990, and have since decreased on average 2.3% per year. The death rates for stomach and uterine cancers have decreased steadily since 1930; colorectal cancer death rates have been decreasing for over 50 years. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 戒烟与呼吸系统 戒烟后，死于慢性阻塞性肺疾病的风险降低 上、下呼吸道疾病，如感冒、流感、气管炎及肺炎的风险降低 戒烟2-3个月后，咳嗽、鼻窦充血、疲劳和气短减少 戒烟降低喉癌的风险 USDHHS. The Health Benefits of Smoking Cessation: A Report of the Surgeon General, 1990 戒烟与心脏 戒烟可使戒烟者死于腹主动脉瘤的超额风险降低50% 戒烟1-2年后，冠心病的风险降低一半 戒烟15年后，冠心病的风险与不吸烟者接近 对于已诊断为心血管心脏病的患者，戒烟可降低其再发心肌梗死和心血管死亡的风险 戒烟后，周围动脉疾病的风险降低 USDHHS. The Health Benefits of Smoking Cessation: A Report of the Surgeon General, 1990 戒烟与身体其他部位 戒烟5-15年后，脑卒中的风险降至与从不吸烟者相同 戒烟5年后，口腔癌、喉癌和食管癌的风险减半 戒烟数年后，膀胱癌的风险减半 戒烟可降低肾癌、胃癌、胰腺癌和宫颈癌的风险 戒烟可降低消化性溃疡的风险 USDHHS. The Health Benefits of Smoking Cessation: A Report of the Surgeon General, 1990 戒烟与怀孕 在怀孕前或怀孕早期戒烟可降低流产、婴儿低出生体重及SIDS的发生风险 虽然在怀孕早期戒烟对胎儿及孕妇产生的益处最大，但在怀孕任何时间戒烟都会获益 USDHHS. The Health Benefits of Smoking Cessation: A Report of the Surgeon General, 1990 总结：戒烟的健康益处 戒烟可使所有年龄段的男性和女性获得极大的即时健康益处 伴或不伴吸烟相关疾病的吸烟者戒烟后均可获益 戒烟者较持续吸烟者生存时间更长 戒烟可降低肺癌及其他癌症、心脏事件、脑卒中及慢性肺病的风险 戒烟可改善生殖结果 USDHHS. The Health Benefits of Smoking Cessation: A Report of the Surgeon General, 1990 烟草依赖 “在一定程度上，烟草业可被认为是一个专业的、高度程序化的制药工业。烟草产品含有并传递尼古丁，而尼古丁是一种具有多种精神效应的潜在成瘾性药物。”-1972克劳德·蒂格备忘录“RJR烟草商业性质及尼古丁关键作用的机密研究计划备忘录” ” 2004年烟草使用率 SAMHSA (2005), Results from the 20004 National Survey on Drug Use