从《论语》看孔子的礼学思想.docVIP

重实践 合道理 体人情 ——从《论语》看孔子的礼学思想 An Analysis on Analects of Confucius and its Relation with Confucius’ Theory of Rites and Etiquette 目 录 摘要 3 一、礼的特点 4 (一)重实践 4 (二)合道理 7 (三)体人情 8 二、仁为礼本 10 三、礼的现代启示 12 参考文献 14 重实践 合道理 体人情 ——从《论语》看孔子的礼学思想 【摘要】礼是孔子儒家思想的重要组成部分，是建立在孔子的仁学基础上的。如果说仁是思想上的“道”，那礼则是行为上的“道”。本文主要依据《论语》中的相关阐述，从孔子礼学思想的三个特点，即重实践、合道理、体人情这三点入手，旨在对孔子礼学思想的含义作出比较一个明确地阐述。文章第二部分，主要是针对礼的根本——仁展开论述。为了赋予本文以现实意义，本文还在最后一部分探讨了孔子礼学思想的局限性、以及在新形势下它所能发挥的作用和带给人们的启示。 【关键词】礼 孔子 论语 实践 道理 人情 An Analysis on Analects of Confucius and its Relation with Confucius’ Theory of Rites and Etiquette 【Abstract】Rites and Etiquette, which are based on the theory of benevolence, have been an inalienable part in Confucius’ doctrine. If benevolence is counted as the guidance of the thought, then Rites and Etiquette can be called as the guidance of the behavior. According to the records in the ‘Analects of confucius’, this essay focused on the three characters of Rites and Etiquette, that are practical, reasonable and sentimental, so as to give a clear account of the definition of confucius’ theory of Rites and Etiquette. By focusing on the background information and the examples of Confucius’ struggle to guard the Rites and Etiquette, the second part of the essay tried to explain why Confucius use Rites and Etiquette to carry his doctrine. In order to impart some practical sense to the essay, the limitations of Confucius’ Rites and Etiquette theory were discussed in the last part, as well as its enormous influence in the new age and the inspiration brought by it. 【Key Words】Rites and Etiquette Confucius Analects of Confucius practical reasonable sentimental 重实践 合道理 体人情 ——从《论语》看孔子的礼学思想 礼的特点 虽然论语中提到礼的次数多达75处，但对于礼的含义却始终没有一个统一的说法。也就是说，论语中的礼，是一个多义字。这一方面是因其高明博大，非一般的言语道说所能尽。诸如《论语》中所提到的“孝、悌、让、恭、靖、宽、恕、忠”等等都可以属于礼的一端。另一方面，又因其本质上属于行为体证的实理，绝非仅凭认识或思辨所能达致的。在《论语》里，孔子谈论的，大多针对的是守礼给为人和为政带来的功用和益处，如“恭近于礼，远耻辱也。”“君子博学于文，约之以礼，亦可以弗畔矣夫！” “克己复礼为仁。一日克己复礼，天下归仁焉。”“上好礼，则民莫敢不敬；”“上好礼，则民易使也”。以上所说的“弗畔”、“天下归仁”、“民敬、”“民易使”等都是守礼的好处。