8. High-Lift Aerodynamics - CAFE Foundation（8。）.pdf

W.H. Mason 8. High-Lift Aerodynamics 8.1 Introduction: Why high lift? For transonic transports, the high-lift system design is a critical part of the configuration design. To achieve “reasonable” field performance while also obtaining efficient transonic cruise the design will require a fairly sophisticated high lift system. From a paper by Boeing 1 aerodynamicists : (presumably referring to the B-777) • “A 0.10 increase in lift coefficient at constant angle of attack is equivalent to reducing the approach attitude by one degree. For a given aft body-to-ground clearance angle, the landing gear may be shortened for a savings of airplane empty weight of 1400 lb. • “A 1.5% increase in maximum lift coefficient is equivalent to a 6600 lb increase in payload at a fixed approach speed” • “A 1% increase in take-off L/D is equivalent to a 2800 lb increase in payload or a 150 nm increase in range.” For fighters, “devices” are also scheduled allow efficient maneuver. High-lift systems are also critical for STOVL and V/STOL aircraft. They also use the propulsion system to help generate the lift. It always seemed to me peculiar to design fighter aircraft, or virtually any military aircraft, to operate from traditional runways. The one thing the adversary is going to know is the exact location of your runways. So a STOVL capability seems to be critical in a serious confrontation. Current status: Typical values of CLmax are shown in Table 1. They come from papers by Brune 2 3 4 and McMasters, Roskam and Lan, and Sanders. Table 1. Values of CLmax for some airplanes.* Model C Lmax