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APA 6th Edition Citation Guide Muhlenberg (APA第六版引用指导瑞米伦贝格)
APA Style
This handout is based on the 6th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association (APA), but is not a comprehensive guide. For all rules and requirements of APA
citations, please consult the 6th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association .
APA requires that information be cited in 2 different ways—within the text and in a reference list at
the end of the paper. The reference list should be on a new page, double spaced, and use the
hanging indent method (all lines after the first one are indented).
See also:
• Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed. Washington, DC:
American Psychological Association, 2010.
Reference Desk Reserve 808.06615 p976m 2010 (at Reference Desk)
• Concise Rules of APA Style, 6th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association,
2010.
Reference Desk Reserve 808.06615 C744r 2010 (at Reference Desk)
CITATIONS IN THE TEXT:
APA uses the author-date method of citation. The last name of the author and the date of
publication are inserted in the text in the appropriate place.
When referencing or summarizing a source, provide the author and year. When quoting or
summarizing a particular passage, include the specific page or paragraph number, as well.
When quoting in your paper, if a direct quote is less than 40 words, incorporate it into your text
and use quotation marks. If a direct quote is more than 40 words, make the quotation a free-
standing indented block of text and DO NOT use quotation marks.
• One work by one author:
In one developmental study (Smith, 1990), children learned...
OR
In the study by Smith (1990), primary school children...
OR
In 1990, Smith’s study of primary school children…
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