Basic Wire Antennas N3UJJ（基本的线天线N3UJJ）.pdfVIP

Basic Wire Antennas Part I: Dipoles Dipole Fundamentals • A dipole is antenna composed of a single radiating element split into two sections, not necessarilynecessarily ofof equalequal length. • The RF power is fed into the split. • The radiators do not have to be straight. Dipole Characteristics • Electrical length - the overall length of the dipole in wavelengths at the frequency of interest. • Directivity - the ratio of the maximum radiation of an antenna to the maximum radiation of a reference antenna. It is often measured in dBi, dB above an isotropicisotropic (non(non--directional)directional) radiator.radiator. • Self Impedance - the impedance at the antenna’s feed point (not the feed point in the shack). • Radiation Resistance - a fictitious resistance that represents power flowing out of the antenna • Radiation Pattern - the intensity of the radiated RF as a function of direction. The Short Dipole • The length is less than /2. • The self impedance is generally capacitive. • The radiation resistance is quitequite smallsmall andand ohmicohmic losseslosses areare highhigh • SWR bandwidth is quite small, ~ 2% of design frequency. • Directivity is ~1.8 dBi. Radiation pattern resembles figure 8 The Short Dipole • For dipoles longer than /5, the antenna can be matched to coax by using loading coils • For best results, the coils are placed in the middle of each legleg ofof thethe dipoledipole • Loading coils can introduce additional loss of 1 dB or more • For dipoles longer than /3 the antenna can be matched to coax by using linear loading Design Table: Short Dipole