Challenges to Black Oil Production from Shales, （黑色的石油开采页岩挑战,）.pdf

Challenges to Black Oil Production from Shales* 1 Harry Dembicki Search and Discovery Article #80355 (2014)** Posted January 27, 2014 *Adapted from oral presentation given at Geoscience Technology Workshop, Hydrocarbon Charge Considerations in Liquid-Rich Unconventional Petroleum Systems, Vancouver, BC, Canada, November 5, 2013 **AAPG©2013 Serial rights given by author. For all other rights contact author directly. 1Anadarko Petroleum Corp., Houston, TX (harry.dembicki@) Abstract Our understanding of unconventional play types, such as shale gas and shale oil, is still evolving. While scientific and engineering investigations into conventional petroleum exploration and development have been conducted for over 100 years, the study of the concepts and methods for unconventional petroleum has been pursued in earnest for only about 15 years. And most of this effort has been directed toward understanding shale gas systems. As economic drivers, such as commodity prices, make liquids-rich plays more desirable, extra efforts are being made attempting to extract black oil from shales with limited success. This does not include the so called hybrid systems or source rock/reservoir sandwiches, such as the Bakken and Niobrara plays, where horizontal drilling allows us to exploit formerly poor reservoir rocks that are in direct contact with source rocks. Instead, the focus here is on getting black oil directly out of a shale. Can we get black oil to flow from a shale in the oil window at commercial rates? To answer this ques