Chapter 7 Energy and Chemical Reactions （第七章能源和化学反应,）.pdfVIP

Chapter 7 Energy and Chemical Reactions An Introduction to Chemistry by Mark Bishop Chapter Map Some Chemical Changes Release Energy Combustion of Methane CH (g) + 2O (g) 4 2  CO (g) + 2H O(l) + 2 2 Some Chemical Changes Absorb Energy Energy Terms •  Energy = the capacity to do work •  Work, in this context, may be defined as what is done to move an object against some sort of resistance. Two Types of Energy •  Kinetic Energy = the energy of motion = 1/2 mµ2 •  Potential Energy = energy by virtue of position or state Law of Conservation of Energy Endergonic Change more stable + energy  less stable system lesser capacity + energy  greater capacity to do work to do work lower PE + energy  higher PE coin in hand + energy  coin in air above hand Coin and Potential Energy Bond Breaking and Potential Energy Exergonic Change less stable system  more stable + energy greater capacity  lesser capacity + energy to do work to do work higher PE  lower PE + energy coin in air above hand  coin on ground + energy Bond Making and Potential Energy Which higher energy? Is it kinetic or potential? •  428 m/s Ar atoms or 456 m/s Ar atoms? •  428 m/s Ar atoms or 428 m/s Kr atoms? + − + − •  Na close to Cl or Na and Cl far apart? •  ROOR or 2 R