Characterization of Metal Powders Used for （表征金属粉末用于）.pdf

Volume 119 (2014) /10.6028/jres.119.018 Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Characterization of Metal Powders Used for Additive Manufacturing J. A. Slotwinski, E. J. Garboczi, P. E. Stutzman, C. F. Ferraris, S. S. Watson, and M. A. Peltz National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 John.Slotwinski@ edward.garboczi@ paul.stutzman@ chiara.ferraris@ stephanie.watson@ max.peltz@ Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques 1 can produce complex, high-value metal parts, with potential applications as critical parts, such as those found in aerospace components. The production of AM parts with consistent and predictable properties requires input materials (e.g., metal powders) with known and repeatable characteristics, which in turn requires standardized measurement methods for powder properties. First, based on our previous work, we assess the applicability of current standardized methods for powder characterization for metal AM powders. Then we present the results of systematic studies carried out on two different powder materials used for additive manufacturing: stainless steel and cobalt-chrome. The characterization of these powders is important in NIST efforts to develop appropriate measurements and standards for additive materials and to document the property of powders used in a NIST-led additive manufacturing material round robin. An extensive array of characterization techniques was applied to these two powders, in both virgin and recycled states. The physical techniques included laser diffraction particle size analysis, X-ray computed tomography for size and shape analysis, and optical and scanning electron microscopy. Techniques sensitive to structure and chemistry, including X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive analytical X-ray analysis using the X-rays generated during scanning electron microscop