第八节非谓词动词.docVIP

第八节 非谓语动词 在英语中，不能做句子谓语，而是担任其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有不定式，动词-ing，和过去分词。 动词不定式 动词-ing 过去分词 一般式 to do doing done 及物动词的过去分词既表被动又表完成，个别动词的过去分词（多为不及物动词）只是表示完成含义 一般被动式 to be done being done 完成式 to have done having done 完成被动式 to have been done having been done 进行式 to be doing 完成进行式 to have been doing 非谓语动词的否定形式： 形式 非谓语动词 位置 例句 一般 形式 不定式 not放在to前 The old man told the child not to be noisy. 动词-ing not放在动词-ing前 Excuse me for not coming. 特殊 形式 不定式 肯定形式表否定 He was too excited to speak. 动词-ing no, without引导短语表否定 No smoking. He left without saying good-bye. 一.不定式 1. 形式及意义 不定式的一般式（to do/to be done）表示与谓语动作同时发生或将要发生，其否定形式not to do/ not to be done。 不定式的进行式（to be doing）表示与谓语动作同时发生并强调正在进行，不定式的完成式是（to have done/ to have been done），表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。 I want to ask for leave. The people seem to be discussing something. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 2. 不定式的用法 （1）做主语 不定式做主语时，常用形式主语it代替，而把不定式放在后面。 It is not easy to learn a foreign language. 常见的句型有： It’s +adj. +for sb +to do sth It’s +adj. +of sb +to do sth 这两种句型的区别在于：当形容词表示人的性格，品质时，用of sb to do sth, 常见形容词有： bad, brave, careful, clever, cruel, foolish, good, kind, nice, polite, stupid等。而当形容词只表示不定式行为的特征时，用for sb to do sth. 常见形容词有：difficult, hard, easy, important, impossible等。 It’s very foolish of you to believe him. It’s important for us to listen carefully. (2) 作宾语 decide to do sth 一些动词后面只能跟动词不定式形式，如：ask, agree, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, plan, prepare, refuse, want, wish等 He agreed to lend me his computer. (3)作宾语补足语ask sb to do sth 有些动词可用不定式做宾补，这些动词有：ask, allow, beg, advise, expect, get, want, teach, wish, tell, encourage, order等 He asked the children not to make so much noise. 下列动词后接不定式时，不带to,但是在被动语态中，要加上to, （let除外） 使役动词：let, make, have 感官动词：see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen to, feel 巧计感官使役动词后跟省略to的动词不定式： 不定式，作宾补，下列词后省略to, 四看两听一感觉， have, let与make The boss made the workers work hard. ---- The workers were made to work hard. I saw him steal money. ----He was seen to steal money. （4）作定语 不定式做定语要放在