翻译单词类翻译.docVIP

词类转换翻译法在英译汉的过程中，有些句子可以逐词对译，有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达式不同，就不能逐词对译。原文中有些词在译文中需要转换词类，才能使汉语译文通顺自然。一、名词的转译1.英语名词转译成动词由动词派生的名词，具有动词意思的名词，以结尾表示身份或职业的名词等，这些名词都可以转译成动词。The remembrance of these will add zest to his life. ×对于这些事情的回想将会增添他生活的乐趣。回想起这些事情，会给他的生活增添乐趣。He looked on the Convention as a fair and faithful representation of the people.×他认为这次大会是人民的公正忠实的代表。他认为这次大会公正忠实地代表了人民。Other governmental activities are the responsibilities of the individual states, which have their own constitutions and laws.×其他政府活动则是各个州的责任，各州都有自己的宪法和法律。 其他政府职能则由各个州来承担，各州都有自己的宪法和法律。 The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.看到我们的喷气式飞机，听到隆隆的机声，我感到特别神往。To my knowledge, some computers have gone missing. 据我所知，有几台计算机失踪了。He was a good listener and they would like to talk with him. ×他是个好听众，所以他们喜欢同他谈话。他善于听取别人意见，所以他们喜欢同他谈心。1)由动词派生的名词转译成动词，在政论文体中出现比较多。·The government called for the establishment of more technical schools.政府号召建立更多的技术学校。·Until 1972, all efforts by the two nations to curb the nuclear arms race had founded on one point: U.S. insistence on the right to make on-site inspections of the Soviet strategic arsenal and Russia’s refusal.到一九七二年为止，美苏之间关于限制核军备竞赛的一切努力都在这一点上失败了：美国坚持有权视察苏方战略武器现场，而苏联则拒绝这样做。·Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已经被用来探索宇宙。2) 含有动作意味的名词(在记叙、描写文体中出现较多)往往可以转译成动词。·Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources.越南战争不断消耗着美国的资源。·A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial.从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。·Britain has no such natural protection from a flood of Hollywood.英国没有这种天然的保护物来阻挡好莱坞影片的长驱直入。3)英语中有些加后缀-er的名词，如teacher教师，thinker思想家等等，有时在句中并不指其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意味。在汉语中没有恰当的对应名词时，往往可以译成动词。·He is a good eater and a good sleeper.他吃得饱睡得香。·I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.我担心自己不能教你游泳。我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。·Some of my classmates are good singers.我同班同学中有些人歌唱得很好。·Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man’s p