.1.The 17th Century and the____ Bourgeois Revolution.pptVIP

Pre-class Questions What is the political system of the U.K.? When was it established? How did it come into being? The 17th Century and the English Bourgeois Revolution I The conflict between the monarch and the Parliament II The execution of Charles I and the establishment of the Commonwealth （建立共和） III The Death of Cromwell and the Restoration （王位复辟） IV The Glorious Revolution （光荣革命和君主立宪制度） I. The conflict between the monarch and the Parliament During the reign of Queen Elizabeth, although the burgher class developed rapidly, it was not strong enough to become a threat to the monarch. Fundamental Reason In the 17th century, the burgher class became influential in the political and economical life and it soon came into conflict with the monarch. Under the rule of Charles I, the relationship between the monarch and Parliament became worse. The king took strong measures against the Puritans. The Puritans were Christians who demanded reforms in the Anglican Church. 这一时期英国的政治斗争是和宗教斗争联系在一起的，当时的主要斗争是在保王的国教和革命的清教之间进行的。 清教是基督教新教徒中的一派，提倡节俭、克制和辛勤工作，主张简化宗教仪式， 反对旧宗教的奢华。 In fact, Puritanism represented the interest of the burgher class. Immediate reason In 1640, Charles I summoned Parliament to collect money in order to raise money to suppress the Scots. In 1641, the burgher class formulated the “Grand Remonstrance” in which they accused the king of his tyrannical rule, which was rejected by the king. This led to the war between the royal army and the Parliamentary army led by Cromwell in 1642. With the defeat of the royal army and the execution of Charles I, England became a commonwealth. 十七世纪的英国处于动荡不安的过渡时期, 君主专制已经使资本主义生产的进一步发展受到控制, 日益壮大的资产阶级反对贵族君主制度的斗争日趋激烈。 1603年，伊丽莎白女王去世，辉煌的十六世纪随她而去。 随后即位的詹姆士一世主张君权神授， 与代表资产阶级和商人利益的国会在商品专卖权和宗教等问题上矛盾激化。 1625年，查理一世即位，继承其父专制作风，解散议会。 英国此后11年没有国会。后来又因为急于用款于1640年两次召集国会，国会与专制的国王矛盾重重。 1642年，内战爆发，国王军队溃败，查理一世被送上断头台，这就是英国资产阶级革命。 1649年，内战结束， 英国宣布成为共和国。 III Restoration After the death of Cromwell, Parliament called exiled Charles I