11.languageChange课件.pptVIP

?lfred kyning hatee gretan W?rfere biscep his wordum luflice ond freondlice ondee cyean hate, e?t me com swiee oft on gemynd, hwelce wiotan iu w?ron giond Angelcynn ?geer ge godcundra hada ge woruldcundra, ond hu ges?lilica tida ea w?ron giond Angelcynn. Historical Linguistics, by Herbert Schendl;Excerpt from “Canterbury Tales”;Language Change;TEM8 Sample Test ;Three periods of the English Language;Beowulf , written in Old English sometime before the tenth century A.D., describes the adventures of a great Scandinavian warrior of the sixth century.;Geoffrey Chaucer (born 1340/44, died 1400) is remembered as the author of The Canterbury Tales, which ranks as one of the greatest epic works of world literature. Chaucer made a crucial contribution to English literature in using English at a time when much court poetry was still written in Anglo-Norman or Latin. ;William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was a playwright in England. ;All languages change with time;Sound Change;It is possible to see a regular pattern of pronunciation change throughout the language;Morphological and syntactic change;Change in ‘agreement’ rule;Change in negation rule;Change in gender and case systems;5 cases for nouns: the nominative case(主格); the genitive case (所有格); the dative case (与格); the accusative case (宾格); and the instrumental case (工具格) 4 cases for adjectives: the nominative case(主格); the genitive case (所有格); the dative case (与格); and the accusative case (宾格) ;Grammatical genders not based on natural division of gender;Loss of inflection;Vocabulary change;Addition of new words;Addition of new words;Addition of new words;;Borrowing ;Loss of words;Changes in the word meaning;Changes in the word meaning;Moving towards greater informality;The influence of American English;The influence of science and technology;Some recent trends ;Why do Languages Change;Social and scientific development;Influence of major social events ;Generation difference;Summary ;Homework ;What kind of