5 Enlightenment课件.pptVIP

The Enlightenment and Neo-Classicism in English Literature (1688-1789);The English Enlightenment and 18th Century England ;Historical Background;Another feature of the age was the rapid development of social life. In the first half of the eighteenth century some three thousand public coffeehouses and a large number of private clubs appeared in London alone; and the sociability (社交) of these clubs was typical of all English cities. Nearly all writers frequented the coffeehouses, and the matters discussed there became subjects of literature; hence the enormous amount of eighteen-century writing devoted to transient affairs, to politics, fashions, gossip.;Enlightenment ★The term ‘Enlightenment’ did not come into use in English until the mid-18th century, as the equivalent of the French term ‘Lumières’. ★The definition of Enlightenment: Immanuel Kants 1784 essay Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist Aufkl?rung? (Answering the Question: What Is Enlightenment?) ;The Overview of Enlightenment ★definition: The Age of Enlightenment was an anti-feudal and anti-church cultural movement of intellectuals in 17th and 18th century Europe, which made an mental preparation for the bourgeois revolution. ★background: 1, further development of the capitalist economy 2, growth of the bourgeois forces 3, major breakthrough in the field of natural science 4, contradiction between feudalism and capitalism 5, development of anti-feudal thinking ;★essence: anti-feudal ideological liberation movement; the second ideological liberation movement after Renaissance. ★main content: democracy, freedom, equality, science ★core: reason human’s thinking and judgment (definition) protection of the natural rights (goal) requirements of bourgeois and anti-feudalism (essence) as standard measure of all things ;Enlightenment in France ★beginning: 17th, England two representatives: Hobbs and Locke ★climax: 18th, France Two reasons: the conflict between the development of capitalism a