appendix1-element-selection课件.ppt

Element Selection Criteria Appendix 1 Overview Elements in Abaqus Structural Elements (Shells and Beams) vs. Continuum Elements Modeling Bending Using Continuum Elements Stress Concentrations Contact Incompressible Materials Mesh Generation Solid Element Selection Summary Elements in Abaqus Elements in Abaqus The wide range of elements in the Abaqus element library provides flexibility in modeling different geometries and structures. Each element can be characterized by considering the following: Family Number of nodes Degrees of freedom Formulation Integration Elements in Abaqus Family A family of finite elements is the broadest category used to classify elements. Elements in the same family share many basic features. There are many variations within a family. Elements in Abaqus Number of nodes (interpolation) An element’s number of nodes determines how the nodal degrees of freedom will be interpolated over the domain of the element. Abaqus includes elements with both first- and second-order interpolation. Elements in Abaqus Degrees of freedom The primary variables that exist at the nodes of an element are the degrees of freedom in the finite element analysis. Examples of degrees of freedom are: Displacements Rotations Temperature Electrical potential Some elements have internal degrees of freedom that are not associated with the user-defined nodes. Elements in Abaqus Formulation The mathematical formulation used to describe the behavior of an element is another broad category that is used to classify elements. Examples of different element formulations: Elements in Abaqus Integration The stiffness and mass of an element are calculated numerically at sampling points called “integration points” within the element. The numerical algorithm used to integrate these variables influences how an element behaves. Elements in Abaqus Abaqus includes elements with both “full” and “reduced” integration. Full integration: The minimum integration order require