chapter 1. invitations课件.ppt

Chapter 1Invitations to Linguistics Studying aims: to have the general idea about language and linguistics.Studying difficulties: 1. the definition of language and linguistics; 2. design features of language ; 3. language functions; 4. scope of linguistics 5. some important distinctions in linguistics;  I. The origins of languageII. The development of written languageIII. Definition of LanguageIV. Design features of languageV. Functions of LanguageVI. Why do we study languageVII. What is linguisticsVIII. The scope or major branches of linguisticsIX. Some important distinctions in linguistics I. The origins of language ① The divine-origin theory---- Language is a gift of God to mankind. The basic hypothesis: if infants were allowed to grow up without hearing any language, then they would spontaneously begin using the original god-given language. Actually, children living without access to human speech in their early years grow up with no language at all. ② The invention theory---- imitative, cries of nature, the grunts of men working together. The bow-wow theory: the suggestion is that primitive words could have been imitations of the natural sounds which early men and women heard around them. The “Yo-heave-ho” theory: the sounds produced by humans when exerting physical effort, especially when co-operating with other humans, may be the origins of speech sounds. Onomatopoeic?[ɑn?m?t?pik] sounds ③ The oral-gesture source It is claimed that originally a set of physical gestures was developed as a means of communication. The patterns of movement in articulation would be the same as gestural movement; hence waving tongue would develop from waving hand. ④ Glossogenetics（言语遗传学） The evolutionary theory---- the result of physical and psychological development. This focuses mainly on the biological basis of the formation and development of human language. Physiological adaptation?develop naming ability?interactions and transactions Physical adaptati