Docklands Redevelopment case study课件.ppt

London Docklands Redevelopment case study Docklands is the semi-official name for an area in the east of London, England, comprising parts of several boroughs (Southwark, Tower Hamlets, Newham and Greenwich) in Greater London. London Docklands Redevelopment case study Location: 3 miles to the east from city of London Development Corporation: LDDC (London Docklands Development Corporation) other organizations Area: 8.5 square miles (22 square kilometers) Development period: 1980-1998(18 years) London Docklands Redevelopment case study Londons Docklands were at one time the largest and most successful in the world. Starting with West India Docks in 1802, East India Docks, Mill wall Dock, Surrey Docks and then the Royal Docks. Thousands of people were employed in international trade, warehousing and related trades. Over time, manufacturing industry also moved into the Docklands, including large coal and gas plants and storage, the Pura Lard factory, flour mills, and many other businesses. London Docklands Redevelopment case study During World War II, the docks area was heavily bombed during the Blitz, in an attempt to cripple the British economy. This destroyed or damaged much of the infrastructure and many older buildings were lost. There was a brief resurgence during the 1950s but the docks were empty by 1980. Reasons: 1. The containerization: goods used to be brought into the UK by relatively small ships, unloaded by hand, from the 1970s onwards most trade was carried within shipping containers or by truck on roll-on/roll-off ferries. An increase in ship size meant they found it difficult to come down the river as far as the Isle of Dogs where the river wasnt as deep. (the position of the docks moved further downstream to Tilbury); 2. The labor costs and flexibility: the UKs dockworkers held on to outmoded pay and conditions structures which left London at a competitive disadvantage compared to overseas ports. 3. Manufa