丽云 Chomsky and Transformational-Generative Grammar课件.ppt

Chapter six (the less part) Chomsky and Transformational-Generative Grammar  丈愧著淑冷掷或郊舜七歪操率稻吾究只煞咋罢剔昔录湃臻原距捣倦乓下奏丽云 Chomsky and Transformational-Generative Grammar课件丽云 Chomsky and Transformational-Generative Grammar课件 Five stages of development 1) The Classical Theory aims to make linguistics a science. 2)The Standard Theory deals with how semantics should be studied in a linguistic theory 3)The Extended Standard Theory focuses discussion on language universals and universal grammar 4)The Revised Extended Standard Theory (or GB) focuses on Government and Binding 5)The Minimalist Program is a further revision of the previous theory. 拒傀斧桔涪蜘毡当渝傀隙趾灯盈耐下圣棚杂疙良樟苔急拭搔筑宅双翼钩村丽云 Chomsky and Transformational-Generative Grammar课件丽云 Chomsky and Transformational-Generative Grammar课件 3.The Extended Standard Theory 1)In the Extended Standard Theory, Chomsky revised his Standard Theory twice. 2)In his first revision, Chomsky moved part of semantic interpretation to the surface structure. 3)The second revision involves the whole theoretical framework, which can be illustrated by the following diagram. *The most remarkable change is that Chomsky now completely puts semantic interpretation in the surface structure. P232 冠吏山郝闹莆稼譬斥卯唁苦辞鹅伺欠烦椽缮怕春牌了效砰陀帖右告畏堤虱丽云 Chomsky and Transformational-Generative Grammar课件丽云 Chomsky and Transformational-Generative Grammar课件 扩展的标准理论（Extended Standard Theory,1970—1980) 1972年出版的《深层结构、表层结构和语义解释》标志着这一时期的开始， 而以1977年出版的《关于形式和解释的论文集》为代表，则对这一时期的理论又作了一些修正，因而也称为修正的扩展的标准理论。 1972年的主要变化在于表层结构对语义解释也起一定的作用 而在1977年的理论中，语义解释则被全部放到了表层。此外，这一阶段还提出了虚迹的理论。 捉猾盟吝董敝服恨签瑚圣诺钾遇始篙绕廓躲譬姬咀湛蕉矛搔哥鸣惜婿朴绑丽云 Chomsky and Transformational-Generative Grammar课件丽云 Chomsky and Transformational-Generative Grammar课件 在这一次修正时，把语义解释的一部分移到了表层结构。 以逻辑成分的范畴为例，看下列句子： Not many arrows hit the target. 不是很多箭射中了靶子。 Many arrows didnt hit the target. 很多箭没有射中靶子。 它们的深层结构是“NOT[many arrows hit the target]” 通过转换，这两个句子由于逻辑成分NOT的关系出现语义差异。这说明语义解释在表层结构中确实起着一定作用，不过乔姆斯基仍然坚持语义主要由深层结构决