翻译方向 interpreting 201314.ppt

Definitions of Interpreting Interpreting is defined as oral translation of a written text (Shuttleworth Cowie). Interpreting is a service activity with a communication function. (Daniel Gile) It is usually a face-to-face communicative act. Mahmoodzadeh gives a more detailed definition of interpreting: Interpreting consists of presenting in the target language, the exact meaning of what is uttered in the source language either simultaneously or consecutively, preserving the tone of the speaker. Simultaneous Interpreting(同声传译，同传) The interpreters sit in a booth with a clear view of the meeting room, listen to the speaker through headphones and interpret the speech as it unfolds, i.e. simultaneously, into the other conference languages. ——High levels of concentration ——Alternate every 20 to 30 minutes ——Ideal for multilingual meetings, events ——No loss of time Considerable practice and presence of mind International Interpreting Organizations AIIC(国际会议口译译员协会,1953) International Association of Conference Interpreters (the only worldwide association for conference interpreters, 2972, 258, 101, offering 51 different languages) freelance basis Mainland China, 31 Interpreting Training and Accreditation in China JICS (欧盟口译认证)（European Commission Joint Interpreting and Conference Service 人事部MOP CATTI 全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试 China Aptitude Test for Translators and Interpreters 教育部MOE NAETI 　全国翻译资格（水平）考试 National Accreditation Examinations for Translators and Interpreters Famous Interpreting Training Centers 北外BFSU高级翻译学院 广外GFSU高级翻译学院 上外（SHISU）高级翻译学院GITI 　Shanghai International Studies University 　　　　　　　　　Graduate Institute of Interpretation and Translation 厦门大学外文学院Foreign Languages Department, Xiamen University Linguistic Theories of Interpretation Daniel Gile: C ( comprehension ) = KL (knowledge of the language) + ELK (extra-linguistic knowledge) +A ( analysis) Effort Models Processing Capacity How to increase the Processin