补充训练.docVIP

补语专项训练 补语的定义：英语中，补语是对主语或宾语的状态、行为或特征作补充说明的句子成分。补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,故可分为主语补足语和宾语补足语。 补语的构成：补语一般可由名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词、副词等充当。 主补与宾补的关系：把带有宾语补足语的句子变成被动句，原来的宾补就变成了主补。 eg.主动语态：They caught the boy stealing.（宾补） 　　 被动语态：The boy was caught stealing. （主补）　　 主语补足语 （1）名词作主补 动词elect, call, name, make, find, leave等后面常接名词用作主语补足语。 　 The dog is called Karl. 　 He was elected president. （2）形容词作主补 动词keep, make, paint, cut, burn, beat, wash, find, consider, wipe等后面常接形容词用作主语补足语。 　　The door was painted white. 　 The classroom is always kept clean every day. （3）现在分词和过去分词作主补 动词see, watch, hear, feel, listen to, look at, imagine等后面接分词用作主语补足语。 　 He is often heard reading English. 　　The glass was found broken. （4）不定式作主补 感官动词see, watch, hear, notice, feel, make等后面接带to的不定式用作主语补足语。 　　 He was seen to come upstairs. 　　 The spy was ordered to be hanged. （5）介词短语用作主语补足语。 　　 She was found at work. 　　 The suspect’s hands are kept behind their backs. （6）as后面接名词、形容词、分词等作主补。 　　 English is taken as a useful means for research work. 　　 The news is considered as true. 翻译练习： 1. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ______________________________________. (厨师一被发现在厨房吸烟就被马上炒掉。) 2．_________________________________________，I went to bed. (又累又困，我睡觉去了。) 3. The classroom was found ________________________________________. (教室挤满了人。) 4. He died______________________________________________________. (他英年早逝。) 5. She was made _____________________________________. (她被迫星期五前把工作完成。) 6. He was found ____________________________________________________. (他身体健康。) 宾语补足语 主+谓+宾+宾补结构的句子有了前3个成分后,还需要有一个宾语补足语对宾语做出补充说明,表明宾语的身份,特征，行为或状态等,句意才完整。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。 常跟复合宾语的动词：call, name, make, think, find, leave, keep, nominate (任命), appoint(任命), choose, elect(选举), define(定义), regard（认为）, see, recognize（认出）, treat, take, consider（考虑）, refer to（提到）, acknowledge（承认）。 名词或名词词组作宾补 We elected Mike chairman. They found this place a good summer resort. 形容词作宾补 My brother painted the door yellow.