非谓词动词的不定式.pptVIP

Non-predicate Verbs 非谓语动词;概述： 1.谓语动词：在句中担任谓语的动词 2. 非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在 句中做除谓语以为的其他成分。;非谓语动词的使用条件;非谓语动词;过去分词;非谓语动词;非谓语动词掌握如下几点： 非谓语动词的形式 非谓语动词的句法功能 非谓语动词的逻辑主语 非谓语动词的时态和语态 独立主格结构 非谓语动词三种形式的比较与区别;;不定式概述 动词不定式有两种形式： 1. to + 动词原形（to do ) 2. 动词原形( do ) 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。 ;(一). 不定式用作主语;在It is + 形容词 + of sb + 不定式结构中，形容词往往表示人物的性格和特征，如kind, silly, good, unwise, clever, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, rude, impolite, bold, thoughtful, honest, bad, sensible, naughty等。在“It is + 形容词 + for sb + 不定式”结构中，形容词通常表示事物的性质，如important, possible, impossible, necessary, difficult, hard, reasonable等。比　较　It is good of you to help me with my English.　你真好，帮助我学英语。　(强调you的特征=You are good to help me.)　It is good for you to give up smoking.　戒烟对你有好处。　(强调的是give up smoking这一行为= For you to give up smoking is good.);(二). 不定式用作表语;(三). 不定式用作宾语;2．“动词 + 疑问词 + 带 to 的不定式结构”。（这种不定式结构接近一个名词从句）。这类动词常见的有：tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, forget, inquire, know, explain, remember, see, understand, wonder 等。 疑问词（也称连接代/副词）有：what, where, who(m), when, how, whether, which（why 除外）， Eg.： I don’t know what to do / where to go / who(m) to ask / when to stop / how to get there. I haven’t decided whether to sell it or not. ;注① ：如果作宾语的不定式结构有自己的补语，则应使用先行 it，把不定式后置，例如： I find it difficult to understand him. We thought it wrong not to help her. 注② ：不定式结构一般不可作介词宾语, 只有在个别场合, 即在含有否定意义的带有介词 except 或 but (=except) 的结构中才能这样用，例如： He seldom comes except to look at my pictures. They could do nothing but wait for the doctors to arrive.;(四). 不定式用作宾语补足语;④?含有“建议”“劝告”等意义的动词，如：advise, persuade, call on, urge 等。 The dentist advised me to have the bad tooth pulled out. ⑤?含有“命令”“强迫”“禁止”等意义的动词，如：order, command, require, charge, tell, make, oblige, force, drive, forbid, warn 等。 The doctor ordered him to stay in bed for a few days. ⑥?其他还有：help, teach, show, assist, report, bear, wait for, train, depend on 等。 He promised to teach me to swim. We should train them