英语中非限定动词.ppt

英语中的非限定动词 (Nonfinite Verbs);非限定动词有语态和时态的变化。;非限定动词的语态和时态的应用分述如下: 1.不定式 I hope to get an English dictionary. （之后） The children helped the old woman clean the house. （同时） I’m glad to hear that he has arrived. （之前）;： She doesn’t like to be praised in public. The book is said to have been translated into English. 1).在too / enough…to 的结构中。如: The suit is too large to wear. The bed is big enough to lie on. 2).在there be 的结构中。如: There is a lot of work to do. 亦可用There is a lot of work to be done.;3).在形容词easy, difficult, hard, good , heavy, tiresome等后作状语的不定式。如： The novel is easy to read. 4).有时,虽然不定式与修饰词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,但该不定式与句中的另一个名词或代词还有逻辑上的主谓关系。如； I have an important meeting to attend.;2. 现在分词有一般式和完成式。一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。如： Hearing the news, he couldn’t help crying. . 完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。如：Having studied in the university for 3 years, he knows the way very well. The meeting being held is very important. Having been encouraged by the teacher, the student decided to work hard. .;过去分词表示在谓语动作之前发生的动作，本身有被动的含义，所以只有一般式没有完成式。如： The meeting held yesterday is very important;3.动名词 动名词的时态分一般式和完成式两种，如果动名词的动作没有明确地表示出时间是与谓语动词同时发生或在谓语动作之前发生，用动名词的一般式。如： Most boys are interested in playing basketball. 如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常用动名词的完成式。如： I am sorry for having kept you waiting for such a long time.;当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词所表示动作的承受者时，用动名词的被动式。如 ;四.非限定动词的语法功能 ; 1. 作主语 不定式和动名词都可以作主语。不定式作主语往往表示具体的、将来的或一次性的动作；动名词作主语表示一般的或抽象的多次性行为。如： To scold her would not be just. Reading aloud is very important in learning a foreign language. 在很多情况下可以用“it” 作形式主语，把真正的主语移到后面。如： It is not an easy thing to master a language. It’s a waste of time quarreling about it.;如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加一个由介词“for”引起的短语。如： It will be a mistake for us not to help him. 当某些反映人的品行、性格的形容词，如kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, rude, impolite 等作表语时，不定式前可加一个“of”引起的短语，来说明不定式指的是谁的情况。如： It’s kind of you to think so much of us. = You are so kind to think so much of us.