被动语态语法和练习.doc

被动语态 （强化辅导）　2010.10 一、①英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态　 　　主动语态表示是动作的执行者 　　被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者　 　Cats 　eat 　fish. 　　　（主动语态）猫吃鱼。 　 Fish is eaten by cats.　(被动语态)鱼被猫吃。 ②被动语态的构成 　　由“助动词be ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成 　　助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。 1.一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+过去分词 They speak English. → English is spoken (by people) 2.一般过去时的被动语态：was/were/+过去分词 He watered the flowers just now. → The flowers were watered (him )just now . 3.一般将来时的被动语态： shall/will +过去分词 We will clean the classroom. → The classroom will be cleaned (by us ) . 4.现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are+过去分词 Tom is picking apple. → Apples are being picking by Tom 5.现在完成时的被动语态：has/have+过去分词 The workers have built a house. → A house has been built by the workers. 6.情态动词的被动语态：can/should/may/must +be +过去分词 You should look after him well. → He should be looked after well. 二．含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时有两种情况： 1、通常把间接宾语的变为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留在原位置。（变间接宾语，留直接宾语） Tom gave me a bike last year. →I was given a bike by Tom last year. My father bought me a shirt yesterday. → I was bought a shirt by my father yesterday. 2、把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，则要在间接宾语前加上介词to (make 制造，buy 变为被动时常用for )。 Tom gave me a bike last year. → A bike was given to me by Tom last year. My father bought me a shirt yesterday. → A shirt was bought for me yesterday. 三、动词短语变为被动语态时不能漏掉其中的介词或副词。 You must listen to the teacher carefully in class .→The teacher must be listened to carefully in class. 四、主动语态中有些动词　，如：make ，have，let，see，watch，hear等后面常跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但变为被动语态时要加to 。 We often hear the boy sing in the next room . → The boy is often heard to sing in the next room. 四．注意事项： 1.不及物动词是没有被动语态：happen ,take place ,appear , hold (容纳) 2.系动词是没有被动语态： Look, feel ,sound ,smell ,taste ….如：The dish tastes good . 3.有些词组没有被动语态：sell well , write well ,ride well 如：This kind of skirt sells well. 4.need表示需要时，后面常接doing 形式表示被动意义，相当于to be done . All the computers need repairing.=All the computers need to be repaired 被动语态练习 练习一：指出下列句子是主动语态还是被动语态 Novels entrance many readers. When will you paint your house? The check wi