英语中主谓一致与语法.doc

英语中的主谓一致 主谓一致的原则是指，主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致：主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语亦采取复数形式。通常有三个不同角度的着眼点：1、语法一致 2、意义一致 3、就近原则。 语法一致的原则是指，主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致：主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语亦采取复数形式。例如：A grammar book helps you learn something about the rules of a language.（主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式）语法书帮助你学习语言的某些规则。Grammar books help you learn something about the rules of a language.（主语是复数形式，谓语也采取复数形式）语法书帮助你学习语言的某些规则。 主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致的问题远不只上述的那么简单，有许多方面的情况需要去具体地对待：1）不定式、动名词、以及从句作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：Reading often means learning .读书常意味是学习。To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.每天早晨朗读 HYPERLINK /yingyu/ \t _blank 英语有许多好处。What he said has been recorded .他说的话已被录音了。 2）不定代词one, every, each, everybody, everyone, one of, no one, nothing, nobody, someone, somebody, either, neither, many a 等作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：Neither of my sisters likes sports .我的妹妹中没人喜欢运动。Many a student takes a walk on campus after dinner.许多学生晚饭后常在校园里散步。Every boy and girl shows great interest in extra-curriculum activities .每个男孩和女孩对课外活动都表现出很大的兴趣。 3）?表示国家、机构、事件、作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of mysterious bits of folklore .《一千零一夜》给人们讲了许多神秘的民间传说。The United States is leading the world in science and technology .美国常在世界科技方面领先。The United Nations play an important role in the international affairs .联合国在国际事务中起着重要作用。 4）?a portion, a series of, a kind of, the number of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：A series of high technology products has been laid out in the exhibition. 一系列高科技产品已在展览上展出。The number of printing mistakes in some recent books often surprises people even to death.近来一些书籍里印刷错误的数量让人吃惊得要命。A substantial portion of the reports is missing .这些报告都没有提及实质问题。A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant.这座花园里有一种玫瑰香气怡人。 5）?由some, several, both, few, many, a number of 等词修饰主语、或是由它们自身作主语时应看作复数，谓语动词用复数。另外，由and连接两个主语时，谓语一般用复数。例如：On the seashore, some people are playing volleyball and some are lying in the sun. 海边，有些人在打排球，有些人躺着晒太阳。Both of us are fond of watching