ch21构造运动地史概要地质构造110214.pptVIP

Measuring Strike and Dip from Outcrop So - the complete strike and dip that has been demonstrated in this set of images would be reported as: 157/37E or 337/37E There are, as mentioned earlier, varying conventions for reporting strike and dip measurements, but for this class, either of the above would be correct. And remember - its not just what you do in the field that counts, its how you look! (And high gaiters keep the ticks out of your pants!) Image No. 16 Taking dip and strike measurements. Photo by Michael Woods 产状表 示方法 ① 方位角法：如 走向 45°(或225°),倾向 135°,倾角40° ② 象限角法： 如 走向N45°E（或 S45°W），倾向 S45°E，倾角40° ③ 只表示倾向、倾角：如135°∠ 40°或 S45°E ∠ 40° 课堂练习： 走向 170°or SE10° 例题 现有一层面或结构面，其产状为：走向350°，倾向 80°，倾角30°请将其产状标示在方位坐标系中。 N E 走向 350°or NW10° 倾向 80°or NE80° 倾角30° 请按左图所示方法将以下6个层面或结构面的产状表示在方位坐标系中： ① 走向30°，倾向300°，倾角50° 　 ② 250°∠45° 　 ③ 140°∠35° 　 ④ 走向SW65°，倾向NW25°，倾角20° ⑤ 30°∠40° ⑥ 走向130°，倾向210°，倾角60° (2) 褶皱 ① 褶皱及成因 指：岩层受挤压后形成的一系列波状弯曲 成因 水平挤压 垂直隆生 力偶作用 ② 褶皱 要素 翼部：褶曲核部两侧对称出露的岩层 核部：出露在地面上或勘查范围内的褶曲中心部位的岩层 枢纽：同一褶皱层面上最大弯曲点的连线 轴面：过相邻枢纽而连成的面 轴迹：轴面与地面的交线，代表了褶皱的延展方向 ③ 褶皱基本类型 向下弯曲，核新边老，相向而斜 向斜： 背斜： 向上弯曲，核老边新，相背而斜 West limb of anticline along San Juan River just east of Mexican Hat, UT. The flat rocks at left belong to the Halgaito fm, a member of the Cutler fm (Permian). A syncline this well formed and large (image is several hundred meters vertically) is very unlikely to be in overturned strata. So 99 of 100 geologists would look at this image and say, Where is that beautiful syncline? The hundredth might add —or synformal anticline. (The answer is Ellesmere Island, in the Canadian Arctic.) Synclines can be as small as a hand specimen. 褶皱的形态分类 （按轴面产状） 直立褶皱 倾斜褶皱 倒转褶皱 平卧褶皱 翻卷褶皱 A type 3 fold interference pattern which generates tongue-shapes. These shapes original from near-recumbent axial surfaces being refolded by upright folds, but with hinge lines nearly parallel. 水平褶皱 褶皱的形态分类 （按枢纽产状） 倾伏褶皱 Folded vei