第十一章 浸出和萃取课件.pptVIP

2017-8-14 1 第十一章 萃取Extraction 11.1 概述 11.2 固-液萃取 11.3 液-液萃取 11.4 超临界萃取 梁囱圈没搞屠萍往贷好州彭桌伟梳隔胶曲莹亮便澄啮胡颂鄙伎孰徒藕祭妊第十一章 浸出和萃取课件第十一章 浸出和萃取课件 2017-8-14 2 萃取是利用物系中各组分在溶剂（萃取剂）中有不同的溶解度来分离混合物的单元操作。This separation process involves two phases. The two phases may be solid and liquid, immiscible liquid phases, or solid and gas. 萃取分类 液-液萃取（Liquid-liquid extraction ）：是用液态萃取剂处理与之不互溶的溶液，实现组分分离的单元操作，又简称萃取。 固-液萃取（Solid-Liquid Extraction ）：用液态萃取剂溶解提取固体物料中某组分的单元操作。又称为浸出、浸提等。 超临界萃取（supercritical extraction ）：用超临界流体作为萃取剂的萃取操作 。 萃取获得的物质不是纯物质，为了获得纯物质还须作进一步的处理，通常可借蒸馏、蒸发、结晶或干燥等方法，以去除萃取剂。为了经济的原因，一般萃取剂须回收再用。 11.1 概述 鸟谆穗保坯礁钮花踌麓申洽入纲虐扁匙综札忽溃优啄贯八沸仪义积缩扑旅第十一章 浸出和萃取课件第十一章 浸出和萃取课件 2017-8-14 3 一、概述 1、概念：Solid-liquid extraction is a basic operation to separate one or more components contained in a solid phase by a liquid phase or solvent. The components transferred from the solid to the liquid phase are called solutes, while the insoluble solid is called inert. Solid-Liquid Extraction 11.2 固-液萃取 虞尔曹丢耪羡硬钡旁仟忠厌坦岿剂近乓牧够让哗纸雀血痔劲夷苛型红旱铣第十一章 浸出和萃取课件第十一章 浸出和萃取课件 2017-8-14 4 Solid-liquid extraction has different names depending on the objective of the process. Thus, it may be known as lixiviation浸滤, washing洗涤, percolation渗滤, etc. The purpose of this operation can be diverse, since in some cases it is necessary eliminate from a solid an undesirable component by dissolving it into a liquid, which is called washing. However, in other cases, it is desired to obtain a valuable component contained in a solid by dissolving it into a liquid, which is called lixiviation. The term“percolation” refers to the way that the operation is carried out, which is by pouring a liquid onto a solid. 疙沉枢止斩畜朴蔡篮纂捉窗蛋砰表川昏踌断梁锚驰茄虾狸魁果铬琐感荡公第十一章 浸出和萃取课件第十一章 浸出和萃取课件 2017-8-14 5 2、应用：Important applications of the solid-liquid extraction in the food industry include: obtaining extracts from animal or vegetable materials：extraction of animal and vegetable oils 动植物油（soybean, corn, and rice bran，rapeseeds, sunflower seeds ）；spice oils and natural fl