化工专业英语-unit 6课件.pptVIP

Unit 6　Chlor-Alkali and Related Processes ;Contents ;Guiding questions;Prelude ; Both chlorine/caustic soda and soda-ash production are dependent on cheap readily available supplies of raw materials. Chlorine/caustic soda requires a ready supply of cheap brine and electricity, soda-ash requires brine, limestone and lots of energy. Soda-ash plants are only profitable if their raw materials do not have to be transported far. The availability of such supplies is a major factor in the location of many of the chemical industry’s great complexes.; One of the key raw materials is lime. Limestone consists mostly of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) laid down over geological time by various marine organisms. High-quality limestones are often good enough to be used directly as calcium carbonate in further reactions. Limestone is usually mined in vast o Line-Based Products pen-cast quarries, many of which will also carry out some processing of the materials. The two key raw products derived from limestone are quicklime (CaO) and slaked lime (Ca(OH)2). Quicklime is manufactured by the thermal decomposition (1200~1500 ℃ ) of limestone according to the equation: 　　　　　　CaCO3→CaO +CO2 ;　　Typically limestone is crushed and fed into the higher end of a sloping rotating kiln where the decomposition takes place and quicklime is recovered from the end. Most frequently, however, the quicklime is not isolated for further reactions; rather, other compounds are fed in with the lime to give final products at the lower end of the kiln. For example, alumina, iron ore and sand can be fed in to give Portland cement. Soda-ash manufacture often adds coke to the limestone which burns to give extra carbon dioxide needed for soda-ash manufacture. ; Slaked lime which is more convenient to handle than quicklime ――is manufactured by reacting quicklime with water. About 40% of the output of the lime industry goes into steel-making, where it is used to react with the refractory (难溶